Related papers: Quantization of a string with attached mass
The open string with one-dimensional target space is formulated in terms of an SOS, or loop gas, model on a random surface. We solve an integral equation for the loop amplitude with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions imposed on…
Quotients and comprehension are fundamental mathematical constructions that can be described via adjunctions in categorical logic. This paper reveals that quotients and comprehension are related to measurement, not only in quantum logic,…
The SO(32) theory, in the limit where it is an open superstring theory, is completely specified in the light-cone gauge as a second-quantized string theory in terms of a ``matrix string'' model. The theory is defined by the neighbourhood of…
The quantum measurement process by a single-electron transistor or a quantum point contact coupled to a quantum bit is studied. We find a unified description of the statistics of the monitored quantity, the current, in the regime of strong…
Methods of determination of constants of the Standard Model are considered. The constants values obtained now are presented and experiments for improving some values are pointed out. A few possible generalized models are considered together…
The quantization of the forced harmonic oscillator is studied with the quantum variable ($x,\hat v$), with the commutation relation $[x,\hat v]=i\hbar/m$, and using a Shr\"odinger's like equation on these variable, and associating a linear…
In the framework of the semiclassical approach, we compute the normalized structure constants in three-point correlation functions, when two of the vertex operators correspond to "heavy" string states, while the third vertex corresponds to…
In \cite{PSMA}, Pal et al. introduced some weighted means and gave some related inequalities by using an approach for operator monotone functions. This paper discusses the construction of these weighted means in a simple and nice setting…
In this paper, a simple and unified method is developed that predicts the relativistic alterations of physical measures when the behavior of a natural system is characterized by means of a specific operator equation. Separation of variables…
Observational entropy is interpreted as the uncertainty an observer making measurements associates with a system. So far, properties that make such an interpretation possible rely on the assumption of ideal projective measurements. We show…
For the relativistic string with massive ends arbitrary small disturbances of the uniform rotation of the rectilinear string are investigated. There are two classes of these oscillations with different spectra of frequencies. They are…
Using the Polchinski-Strominger effective string theory in covariant gauge, we compute the mass of a rotating string in D dimensions with large angular momenta J, in one or two planes, in fixed ratio, up to and including first subleading…
Magnetic moments of charged and neutral mesons are calculated with the use of the relativistic Hamiltonian derived from the path integral form of the $q_1\bar q_2$ Green's function. The magnetic moments are shown to be expressed via the…
The gauge invariant observables of the closed bosonic string are quantized without anomalies in four space-time dimensions by constructing their quantum algebra in a manifestly covariant approach. The quantum algebra is the kernel of a…
Covariant quantization of multi-pronged open bosonic string junction is studied beyond static analysis. Its excited states are described by a set of ordinary bosons as well as some sets of twisted bosons on the world-sheet. The system is…
The forms of the generalized quantities that we have recently introduced are dependent on the phase of the probability amplitudes for spin-projection measurements. In this paper, we show explicitly that changing the phase gives different…
The gauging of isometries in general sigma-models which include fermionic terms which represent the interaction of strings with background Yang-Mills fields is considered. Gauging is possible only if certain obstructions are absent. The…
A brief historical synopsis of the connection between gauge theories and string theory is given. Meson configurations known as k-strings are examined from string theory via the gauge/gravity correspondence. Backgrounds dual to k-strings in…
The accessible information of general signal states is obtained by performing a generalized measurement. In the case that the signal alphabet consists of two states of a qubit system, it is proved that a von Neumann (orthogonal) measurement…
A symmetric zero mass tensor of rank two is constructed using the superstring modes of excitation which satisfies the physical state constraints of a superstring. These states have one to one correspondence with quantised operators and are…