Related papers: Quantization of a string with attached mass
An approximate rotational symmetry of a heavy-light meson is viewed from a string picture. Using a simple string configuration, we derive a formula, $(M-m_c)^2=\pi\sigma L$, whose coefficient of the r.h.s. is just 1/2 of that of a light…
We present a general formalism for giving a measure space paired with a separable Hilbert space a quantum version based on normalized positive operator-valued measure. The latter are built from families of density operators labelled by…
The closed relativistic string carrying two point-like masses is considered as the model of a glueball with two constituent gluons. Here the gluon-gluon interaction is simulated by a pair of strings. For this system exact solutions of…
The technique of (discretised) light-cone quantisation, as applied to matrix models of relativistic strings, is reviewed. The case of the c=2 non-critical bosonic string is discussed in some detail to clarify the nature of the continuum…
The loop variable approach used earlier to obtain free equations of motion for the massive modes of the open string, is generalized to include interaction terms. These terms, which are polynomial, involve only modes of strictly lower mass.…
The Dirac quantization is performed for the constrained system of the open string with different charges located at both ends in the constant background B field. Noncommutativity reveals to commutators [X, X], [P, P] and also [X,P] at both…
Ultrasensitive detections have been proposed as an application of optomechanical systems. Here we develop an approach to mass sensing by comparing the detected quadratures of light field coupled to a mechanical resonator, whose slight…
The problem of entanglement produced by an arbitrary operator is formulated and a related measure of entanglement production is introduced. This measure of entanglement production satisfies all properties natural for such a characteristic.…
We study measures of quantum information when the space spanned by the set of accessible observables is not closed under products, i.e., we consider systems where an observer may be able to measure the expectation values of two operators,…
This paper demonstrates how to add a measurement operator to quantum lambda-calculi. A proof of the consistency of the semantics is given through a proof of confluence presented in a sufficiently general way to allow this technique to be…
A general description of entanglement is suggested as an action realized by an arbitrary operator over given disentangled states. The related entanglement measure is defined. Because of its generality, this definition can be employed for…
For the 1-D harmonic oscillator with position depending variable mass, a Hamiltonian and constant of motion are given through a consistent approach. Then, the quantization of this system is carried out using the operator $\hat p$, for the…
A world-sheet sigma model approach is applied to string theories dual to four-dimensional gauge theories, and semi-classical soliton solutions representing highly excited string states are identified which correspond to gauge theory…
A field state containing photons propagating in different directions has a non vanishing mass which is a quantum observable. We interpret the shift of this mass under transformations to accelerated frames as defining space-time observables…
Deformation quantization of bosonic strings is considered. We show that the light-cone gauge is the most convenient classical description to perform the quantization of bosonic strings in the deformation quantization formalism. Similar to…
It is hoped that these lectures will give a point of entry into that vast web of related ideas that go under the name "string theory". I start with a more or less qualitative introduction to gravity as a field theory and sketch how one…
The system of two relativistic particles with einbein fields is quantized as a constrained system.A method of the introduction of the Newton--Wigner collective coordinate is discussed in presence of different gauge fixing conditions. Some…
A normalized positive operator measure $X\mapsto E(X)$ has the norm-1-property if $\no{E(X)}=1$ whenever $E(X)\ne O$. This property reflects the fact that the measurement outcome probabilities for the values of such observables can be made…
The canonical description is presented for the string with pointlike masses at the ends in 1+1 dimensions in two different gauges: in the proper time gauge and in the light cone one. The classical canonical transformation is written out…
Coupling any interacting quantum mechanical system to gravity in one dimension requires the cosmological constant to belong to the matter energy spectrum and thus to be quantized, even though the gravity sector is free of any quantum…