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Hydrodynamics is a general theoretical framework for describing the long-time large-distance behaviors of various macroscopic physical systems, with its equations based on conservation laws such as energy-momentum conservation and charge…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-12-06 Duan She , Anping Huang , Defu Hou , Jinfeng Liao

We consider relativistic hydrodynamics in the limit where the number of spatial dimensions is very large. We show that under certain restrictions, the resulting equations of motion simplify significantly. Holographic theories in a large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-09 Moshe Rozali , Evyatar Sabag , Amos Yarom

We consider models of relativistic matter containing sharp interfaces across which the matter model changes. These models will be relevant for neutron stars with crusts, phase transitions, or for viscous boundaries where the length scale is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-06 S. T. Millmore , I. Hawke

We develop a far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic model to evolve ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in event-by-event simulations. Anisotropic hydrodynamics is designed to better handle the strong and highly anisotropic expansion during…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-14 Mike McNelis

I review how hydrodynamical flow is related to the observed flow in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and how initial conditions, equation of state and freeze-out temperature affect flow in hydrodynamical models.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Pasi Huovinen

We show that by requiring positivity of the longitudinal pressure it is possible to constrain the initial conditions one can use in 2nd-order viscous hydrodynamical simulations of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-09 Mauricio Martinez , Michael Strickland

We develop a framework for event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics to study the differential elliptic flow which is measured at different centralities in Au+Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Fluctuating initial energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-22 Hannu Holopainen , Harri Niemi , Kari J. Eskola

In high energy heavy ion collisions a new state of matter, the strongly coupled quark gluon plasma is formed that exhibits the similar properties as our Universe had just a couple of microseconds after the Big Bang, hence such collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-15 Sándor Lökös , Gábor Kasza

I review the successes and limitations of the ideal fluid dynamic model in describing hadron emission spectra from Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 Ulrich W. Heinz

This note provides a comprehensive examination of the various approaches to formulating relativistic hydrodynamics, with a particular emphasis on the canonical approach. Relativistic hydrodynamics plays a crucial role in understanding the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-11 Luca Martinoia , Rajeev Singh

A relativistic 3-fluid 3D hydrodynamic model has been developed for describing heavy-ion collisions at incident energies between few and $\sim$ 200 A$\cdot$GeV. In addition to two baryon-rich fluids which simulate mutually decelerating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. D. Toneev , Yu. B. Ivanov , E. G. Nikonov , W. Noerenberg , V. N. Russkikh

It has been over a decade since the first experimental data from gold nuclei collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggested hydrodynamic behavior. While early ideal hydrodynamical models were surprisingly accurate in their…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-07-30 Joshua Vredevoogd

Results from the RHIC and LHC experiments show, that in relativistic heavy ion collisions, a new state of matter, a strongly interacting perfect fluid is created. Accelerating, exact and explicit solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-02-14 Mate Csanad , Tamas Csorgo , Ze-Fang Jiang , Chun-Bin Yan

We perform 3+1D viscous hydrodynamic calculations of proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at top LHC energy. We show that existing data from high-multiplicity p-Pb events can be well described in hydrodynamics, suggesting that collective…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-05-16 Igor Kozlov , Matthew Luzum , Gabriel Denicol , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

In this review, we present the motivation for using relativistic anisotropic hydrodynamics to study the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We then highlight the main ingredients of the 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-30 Huda Alalawi , Mubarak Alqahtani , Michael Strickland

The hydrodynamic attractors paradigm aims to explain the applicability of hydrodynamics after a very short timescale in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC in terms of the emergence of universal behavior across different…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-25 Michal P. Heller , Clemens Werthmann

We propose to study the fluid dynamic propagation of fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions differentially with respect to their azimuthal, radial and longitudinal wavelength. To this end, we introduce a background-fluctuation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-13 Stefan Floerchinger , Urs Achim Wiedemann

In this paper we analyze a 1+3 dimensional solution of relativistic hydrodynamics. We calculate momentum distribution and other observables from the solution and compare them to measurements from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-09-06 Mate Csanad , Marton Vargyas

[Background] Experimental data from heavy-ion experiments at RHIC-BNL and LHC-CERN are quantitatively described using relativistic fluid dynamics. Even p+A and p+p collisions show signs of collective behavior describable in the same manner.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-08-29 K. Gallmeister , H. Niemi , C. Greiner , D. H. Rischke

Effects of dynamical long-range correlations over a fluid cell size scale on a relativistic fluid are discussed. It is shown that such correlations among the fluid elements introduced into hydrodynamical model induce some weak dissipation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 T. Osada