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The beginning of high interest in two-dimensional (2D) crystals is marked by the synthesis of graphene, which constitutes exemplary monolayer material. This is due to the multiple extraordinary properties of graphene, particularly in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Dominik Szczȩśniak , Jakub T. Gnyp , Marta Kielak

In this document we explore graphene, a two-dimensional material with remarkable properties. We center our discussion around its electronic characteristics and their applications. We begin by giving a simple electronic model which will then…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Anthony Gerges Geha , Yago aguado , Modou B. Nadiaye

The study of graphene, since its discovery around 2004, is possibly the largest and fastest growing field of research in material science, because of its exotic mechanical, thermal, electronic, optical and chemical properties. The studies…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-06-05 Gautam Mukhopadhyay , Harihar Behera

While crystalline two-dimensional materials have become an experimental reality during the past few years, an amorphous 2-D material has not been reported before. Here, using electron irradiation we create an sp2-hybridized one-atom-thick…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-03-22 J. Kotakoski , A. V. Krasheninnikov , U. Kaiser , J. C. Meyer

Electronic and photonic devices based on the two-dimensional material graphene have unique properties, leading to outstanding performance figures-of-merit. Mastering the integration of this new and unconventional material into an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-12-10 Daniel Neumaier , Stephan Pindl , Max C. Lemme

Graphene and other two-dimensional materials display remarkable optical properties, including a simple light transparency of $T \approx 1 - \pi \alpha$ for light in the visible region. Most theoretical rationalizations of this "universal"…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-12-07 Daniel J. Merthe , Vitaly V. Kresin

Graphene is at the centre of an ever growing research effort due to its unique properties, interesting for both fundamental science and applications. A key requirement for applications is the development of industrial-scale, reliable,…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-01-18 F. Bonaccorso , A. Lombardo , T. Hasan , Z. Sun , L. Colombo , A. C. Ferrari

This tutorial review presents an overview of the basic theoretical aspects of two-dimensional (2D) crystals. We revise essential aspects of graphene and the new families of semiconducting 2D materials, like transition metal dichalcogenides…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-03 Rafael Roldán , Luca Chirolli , Elsa Prada , Jose Angel Silva-Guillén , Pablo San-Jose , Francisco Guinea

Carbon is one of the most intriguing elements in the Periodic Table. It forms many allotropes, some being known from ancient times (diamond and graphite) and some discovered ten to twenty years ago (fullerenes, nanotubes). Quite…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. I. Katsnelson

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystal made of carbon atoms, provides a new and unexpected bridge between low and high-energy physics. The field has evolved very fast and very good reviews are already available in the literature. Graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Alberto Cortijo , Francisco Guinea , Maria A. H. Vozmediano

Recent technological advances in controlling materials have developed methods to produce idealized two-dimensional (2D) electron systems such as heterogeneous interfaces, molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) grown atomic layers, exfoliated thin…

Superconductivity · Physics 2017-03-13 Yu Saito , Tsutomu Nojima , Yoshihiro Iwasa

The characteristic results by different diagnostics on a typical hydrogenated diamond like carbon (HDLC) film synthesized directly in a capacitatively coupled RF (13.56 MHz) discharge are described. The results show some typical charecteric…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-02-28 Nihar Ranjan Ray , A. K. Srivastava , Rainer Grotzschel

This article reviews silicene, a relatively new allotrope of silicon, which can also be viewed as the silicon version of graphene. Graphene is a two-dimensional material with unique electronic properties qualitatively different from those…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-04-24 L. C. Lew Yan Voon , G. G. Guzmán-Verri

Graphene is the first example of truly two-dimensional crystals - it's just one layer of carbon atoms. It turns out to be a gapless semiconductor with unique electronic properties resulting from the fact that charge carriers in graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 M. I. Katsnelson , K. S. Novoselov

The recent discovery of graphene has sparked significant interest, which has so far been focused on the peculiar electronic structure of this material, in which charge carriers mimic massless relativistic particle. However, the structure of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jannik C. Meyer , A. K. Geim , M. I. Katsnelson , K. S. Novoselov , T. J. Booth , S. Roth

Graphene is a new material that exhibits remarkable properties from both fundamental and applied issues. This is a 2D matter system whose physical and mechanical features have been approached by using tight binding model, first principle…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-08-10 Lalla Btissam Drissi , El Hassan Saidi , Mosto Bousmina

Graphene is an ideal 2D material system bridging electronic and photonic devices. It also breaks the fundamental speed and size limits by electronics and photonics, respectively. Graphene offers multiple functions of signal transmission,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Rong Wang , Xingang Ren , Ze Yan , Lijun Jiang , Wei E. I. Sha , Guangcun Shan

Graphene, the one-atom-thick sp2 hybridized carbon crystal, displays unique electronic, structural and mechanical properties, which promise a large number of interesting applications in diverse high tech fields. Many of these applications…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-27 Tommaso Cavallucci , Khatuna Kakhiani , Riccardo Farchioni , Valentina Tozzini

Two-dimensional and layered materials, such as graphene, have emerged in recent years for their potential use in several applications in technology, for example in electronics, bioelectronics, optoelectronics and related fields.…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-10 Francesco Mercuri

Atomically thin 2-dimensional heterostructures are a promising, novel class of materials with groundbreaking properties. The possiblity of choosing the many constituent components and their proportions allows optimizing these materials to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Petri Hirvonen , Vili Heinonen , Haikuan Dong , Zheyong Fan , Ken R. Elder , Tapio Ala-Nissila
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