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The ribbon group action extends geometric duality and Petrie duality by defining two embedded graphs as twisted duals precisely when they lie within the same orbit under this group action. Twisted duality yields numerous novel properties of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Qi Yan , Qingying Deng , Metrose Metsidik

The Tutte polynomial of a graph G is a two-variable polynomial T(G;x,y) that encodes many interesting properties of the graph. We study the complexity of the following problem, for rationals x and y: given as input a planar graph G,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-03 Leslie Ann Goldberg , Mark Jerrum

We present an analysis of the structure and properties of chromatic polynomials $P(G_{pt,\vec m},q)$ of one-parameter and multi-parameter families of planar triangulation graphs $G_{pt,\vec m}$, where ${\vec m} = (m_1,...,m_p)$ is a vector…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-05-17 Robert Shrock , Yan Xu

Unlike Whitney's definition of the corank-nullity generating function $T(G;x+1,y+1)$, Tutte's definition of his now eponymous polynomial $T(G;x,y)$ requires a total order on the edges of which the polynomial is a posteriori independent.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-11 Spencer Backman

Graph polynomials are deemed useful if they give rise to algebraic characterizations of various graph properties, and their evaluations encode many other graph invariants. Algebraic: The complete graphs $K_n$ and the complete bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-03 T. Kotek , J. A. Makowsky , E. V. Ravve

In this paper, we present some properties on chromatic polynomials of hypergraphs which do not hold for chromatic polynomials of graphs. We first show that chromatic polynomials of hypergraphs have all integers as their zeros and contain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-24 Ruixue Zhang , Fengming Dong

A Kempe swap in a proper coloring interchanges the colors on some maximal connected 2-colored subgraph. Two $k$-colorings are $k$-equivalent if we can transform one into the other using Kempe swaps. The triangulated toroidal grid,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Daniel W. Cranston , Reem Mahmoud

For each graph, we construct a bigraded chain complex whose graded Euler characteristic is a version of the Tutte polynomial. This work is motivated by earlier work of Khovanov, Helme-Guizon and Rong, and others.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-29 Edna F Jasso-Hernandez , Yongwu Rong

We characterise the digraphs for which the multipaths, that is disjoint unions of directed paths, yield a matroid. For such graphs, called MP-digraphs, we prove that the Tutte polynomial of the multipath matroid is related to counting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Luigi Caputi , Carlo Collari , Sabino Di Trani

Around 10 years ago, Agol and Krushkal showed that the number of chromatic polynomials $P_{G}$ arising from graphs $G$ on $n$ vertices grows exponentially with $n$, by establishing that the (dual) flow polynomial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Rafael Miyazaki , Cosmin Pohoata , Michael Zheng

The Tutte polynomial is a fundamental invariant of graphs and matroids. In this article, we define a generalization of the Tutte polynomial to oriented graphs and regular oriented matroids. To any regular oriented matroid $N$, we associate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Jordan Awan , Olivier Bernardi

Let $G = (G_1, G_2, \ldots, G_m)$ be a collection of $m$ graphs on a common vertex set $V$. For a graph $H$ with vertices in $V$, we say that $G$ contains a rainbow $H$ if there is an injection $c: E(H) \to [m]$ such that for every edge $e…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Yupei Li , Ruth Luo

Building on prior work that established Matrix Quasi-tree Theorems for special embedded graphs, in this paper, we develop a comprehensive theory applicable to all embedded graphs. We introduce symbolic skew-adjacency matrices and reduction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Qingying Deng , Xian'an Jin , Qi Yan , Yexiang Yan

A picture P of a graph G = (V,E) consists of a point P(v) for each vertex v in V and a line P(e) for each edge e in E, all lying in the projective plane over a field k and subject to containment conditions corresponding to incidence in G. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeremy L. Martin

Motivated by the definition of the edge elimination polynomial of a graph we define the covered components polynomial counting spanning subgraphs with respect to their number of components, edges and covered components. We prove a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-02 Martin Trinks

In this paper, two recursion formulae of chromatic polynomial of a maximal planar graph G are obtained. Moreover, the application of these formulaes to the proof of Four-Color Conjecture is investigated. By using these formulae, the proof…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Jin Xu

In order to apply quantum topology methods to nonplanar graphs, we define a planar diagram category that describes the local topology of embeddings of graphs into surfaces. These \emph{virtual graphs} are a categorical interpretation of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-01 Calvin McPhail-Snyder , Kyle A. Miller

We study the computation of the Tutte polynomials of fan-like graphs and obtain expressions of their Tutte polynomials via generating functions. As applications, Tutte polynomials, in particular, the number of spanning trees, of two kinds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Tianlong Ma , Xian'an Jin , Fuji Zhang

For a graph $G$, its Tutte symmetric function $XB_G$ generalizes both the Tutte polynomial $T_G$ and the chromatic symmetric function $X_G$. We may also consider $XB$ as a map from the $t$-extended Hopf algebra $\mathbb{G}[t]$ of labelled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Logan Crew , Sophie Spirkl

In a seminal paper, Alon and Tarsi have introduced an algebraic technique for proving upper bounds on the choice number of graphs (and thus, in particular, upper bounds on their chromatic number). The upper bound on the choice number of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-12 Dan Hefetz