Related papers: A note on zero-sum 5-flows in regular graphs

Amos et al. (Discrete Appl. Math. 181 (2015) 1-10) introduced the notion of the $k$-forcing number of graph for a positive integer $k$ as the generalization of the zero forcing number of a graph. The $k$-forcing number of a simple graph…

Let $Z_2\times Z_2=\{0, \alpha, \beta, \alpha+\beta\}$. If $G$ is a bridgeless cubic graph, $F$ is a perfect matching of $G$ and $\overline{F}$ is the complementary 2-factor of $F$, then a no-where zero $Z_2\times Z_2$-flow $\theta$ of…

It is well known that each nonnegative integral flow on a graph can be decomposed into a sum of nonnegative graphic circuit flows, which cannot be further decomposed into nonnegative integral sub-flows. This is equivalent to saying that the…

This article studies real roots of the flow polynomial $F(G,\lambda)$ of a bridgeless graph $G$. For any integer $k\ge 0$, let $\xi_k$ be the supremum in $(1,2]$ such that $F(G,\lambda)$ has no real roots in $(1,\xi_k)$ for all graphs $G$…

We study $2$-dimensional unit vector flows on graphs, that is, nowhere-zero flows that assign to each oriented edge a unit vector in $\mathbb R^{3}$. We give a new geometric characterization of $\mathbb S^{2}$-flows on cubic graphs. We also…

We give a compact variation of Seymour's proof that every $2$-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$-flow.

In this article we introduce the flow polynomial of a digraph and use it to study nowhere-zero flows from a commutative algebraic perspective. Using Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, we establish a relation between nowhere-zero flows and dual…

For some time the Petersen graph has been the only known Snark with circular flow number $5$ (or more, as long as the assertion of Tutte's $5$-flow Conjecture is in doubt). Although infinitely many such snarks were presented eight years ago…

Let $\Gamma$ be a graph, $A$ an abelian group, $\mathcal{D}$ a given orientation of $\Gamma$ and $R$ a unital subring of the endomorphism ring of $A$. It is shown that the set of all maps $\varphi$ from $E(\Gamma)$ to $A$ such that…

We investigate multidimensional nowhere-zero flows of bridgeless graphs. By extending the established use of the Euclidean norm, this paper considers the Manhattan and Chebyshev norms, leading to the definition of the flow numbers…

X. Hou, H.-J. Lai, P. Li and C.-Q. Zhang [J. Graph Theory 69 (2012) 464-470] showed that for a simple graph $G$ with $|V(G)|\ge 44$, if $\min\{\delta(G),\delta(G^c)\}\ge 4$, then either $G$ or its complementary graph $G^c$ has a…

Suppose $G$ is a undirected simple graph. A $k-$subset of edges in $G$ without common vertices is called a $k-$matching and the number of such subsets is denoted by $p(G,k)$. The aim of this paper is to present exact formulas for $p(G,3)$,…

Consider a routing problem consisting of a demand graph H and a supply graph G. If the pair obeys the cut condition, then the flow-cut gap for this instance is the minimum value C such that there is a feasible multiflow for H if each edge…

The perfect matching index of a cubic graph $G$, denoted by $\pi(G)$, is the smallest number of perfect matchings that cover all the edges of $G$. According to the Berge-Fulkerson conjecture, $\pi(G)\le5$ for every bridgeless cubic…

We verify Tutte's $3$-flow conjecture in the class of Cayley graphs on solvable groups of order $2n$, where $n$ is square-free. The proof relies on a new necessary and sufficient condition for a simple $5$-valent graph to admit a…

In 1972, Tutte posed the $3$-Flow Conjecture: that all $4$-edge-connected graphs have a nowhere zero $3$-flow. This was extended by Jaeger et al.(1992) to allow vertices to have a prescribed, possibly non-zero difference (modulo $3$)…

In a proper edge-coloring of a cubic graph, an edge $e$ is normal if the set of colors used by the edges adjacent to $e$ has cardinality 3 or 5. The Petersen coloring conjecture asserts that every bridgeless cubic graph has a normal…

Given a zero-sum function $\beta : V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3$ with $\sum_{v\in V(G)}\beta(v)=0$, an orientation $D$ of $G$ with $d^+_D(v)-d^-_D(v)= \beta(v)$ in $\mathbb{Z}_3$ for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ is called a…

In 1972 Tutte famously conjectured that every 4-edge-connected graph has a nowhere zero 3-flow; this is known to be equivalent to every 5-regular, 4-edge-connected graph having an edge orientation in which every in-degree is either 1 or 4.…

A mapping $l : E(G) \rightarrow A$, where $A$ is an abelian group which written additively, is called a labeling of the graph $G$. For every positive integer $h \geqslant 2$, a graph $G$ is said to be zero-sum $h$-magic if there is an edge…