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Related papers: BGP Stability is Precarious

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In this note we advocate the notion of variety as juxtaposed to the notion of complexity. Laminar flows are complex, turbulence is various. When the gradients reach a critical point, laminar flows are subjected to instabilities and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-30 Massimo Germano

Behavioral homogeneity is often critical for the functioning of network systems of interacting entities. In power grids, whose stable operation requires generator frequencies to be synchronized--and thus homogeneous--across the network,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-09-24 Ferenc Molnar , Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

With the advent of high-performance computing, Bayesian methods are increasingly popular tools for the quantification of uncertainty throughout science and industry. Since these methods impact the making of sometimes critical decisions in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Houman Owhadi , Clint Scovel , Tim Sullivan

Bistable biological regulatory systems need to cope with stochastic noise to fine-tune their function close to bifurcation points. Here, we study stability properties of this regime in generic systems to demonstrate that cooperative…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-08-04 Daniele Proverbio , Arthur N. Montanari , Alexander Skupin , Jorge Gonçalves

Finding the most probable explanation for observed variables in a Bayesian network is a notoriously intractable problem, particularly if there are hidden variables in the network. In this paper we examine the complexity of a related…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Johan Kwisthout

BGP is the protocol that keeps Internet connected. Operators use it by announcing Address Prefixes (APs), namely IP address blocks, that they own or that they agree to serve as transit for. BGP enables ISPs to devise complex policies to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Liron David , Yuval Shavitt

Adversarial examples resulting from instability of current computer vision models are an extremely important topic due to their potential to compromise any application. In this paper we demonstrate that instability is inevitable due to a)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Oliver Turnbull , George Cevora

We study numerically how the structures of distinct networks influence the epidemic dynamics in contact process. We first find that the variability difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous networks is very narrow, although the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-04-04 Kai Gong , Ming Tang , Hui Yang , Mingsheng Shang

According to the May-Wigner stability theorem, increasing the complexity of a network inevitably leads to its destabilization, such that a small perturbation will be able to disrupt the entire system. One of the principal arguments against…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Sitabhra Sinha

The theory of pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems is extended to the case of a directed network. Due to the structure of the network Laplacian of the scrutinised system, the dispersion relation has both real and imaginary parts,…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2014-08-01 Malbor Asllani , Joseph D. Challenger , Francesco Saverio Pavone , Leonardo Sacconi , Duccio Fanelli

Stability is an important aspect of a classification procedure because unstable predictions can potentially reduce users' trust in a classification system and also harm the reproducibility of scientific conclusions. The major goal of our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-23 Will Wei Sun , Guang Cheng , Yufeng Liu

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples: minor perturbations to input samples intended to deliberately cause misclassification. While an obvious security threat, adversarial examples yield as well insights about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kathrin Grosse , David Pfaff , Michael Thomas Smith , Michael Backes

The response of complex networks to perturbations is of utmost importance in areas as diverse as ecosystem management, emergency response, and cell reprogramming. A fundamental property of networks is that the perturbation of one node can…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2011-05-20 Sean P. Cornelius , William L. Kath , Adilson E. Motter

When banks choose similar investment strategies the financial system becomes vulnerable to common shocks. We model a simple financial system in which banks decide about their investment strategy based on a private belief about the state of…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2014-08-05 Christoph Aymanns , Co-Pierre Georg

Short-term survival and an exuberant plunge into building our future are generating a new kind of unintended consequence -- hidden fragility. This is a direct effect of the sophistication and structural complexity of the socio-technical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-26 James P. Crutchfield

When sample data are governed by an unknown sequence of independent but possibly non-identical distributions, the data-generating process (DGP) in general cannot be perfectly identified from the data. For making decisions facing such…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-05-11 Xiaoyu Cheng

Despite efforts from cloud and content providers to lower latency to acceptable levels for current and future services (e.g., augmented reality or cloud gaming), there are still opportunities for improvement. A major reason that traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Shihan Lin , Yi Zhou , Xiao Zhang , Todd Arnold , Ramesh Govindan , Xiaowei Yang

This paper is concerned with the study of scalability in nonlinear heterogeneous networks affected by communication delays and disturbances. After formalizing the notion of scalability, we give two sufficient conditions to assess this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Shihao Xie , Giovanni Russo , Richard Middleton

Machine learning models, including state-of-the-art deep neural networks, are vulnerable to small perturbations that cause unexpected classification errors. This unexpected lack of robustness raises fundamental questions about their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Andras Rozsa , Manuel Gunther , Terrance E. Boult

Many organizations have the mission of assessing the quality of broadband access services offered by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). They deploy network probes that periodically perform network measures towards selected Internet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-04 Massimo Rimondini , Claudio Squarcella , Giuseppe Di Battista