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Thermal noise is ubiquitous in microscopic systems and in high-precision measurements. Controlling thermal noise, especially using laser light to apply dissipation, substantially affects science in revealing the quantum regime of gases, in…
We present an approach to mitigate coating thermal noise in optical cavities by using multiple TEM spatial modes to readout and stabilize laser frequency. With optimal weightings we synthesize a wider sampling of the mirror surface,…
We present an interferometric sensor for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics on a table-top scale. The sensor consists of pair of suspended optical cavities with a finesse in excess of 100,000 comprising 10 g fused-silica mirrors.…
Thermal noise of a mirror can be reduced by cold damping. The displacement is measured with a high-finesse cavity and controlled with the radiation pressure of a modulated light beam. We establish the general quantum limits of noise in cold…
We report the results of a recent search for the lowest value of thermal noise that can be achieved in LIGO by changing the shape of mirrors, while fixing the mirror radius and maintaining a low diffractional loss. The result of this…
A major barrier to improving the quantum-limited sensitivity of gravitational-wave observatories is the thermal distortions of the test masses which arise at megawatt laser power. Recent advances in a new form of higher-order wavefront…
The pursuit of room temperature quantum optomechanics with tethered nanomechanical resonators faces stringent challenges owing to extraneous mechanical degrees of freedom. An important example is thermal intermodulation noise (TIN), a form…
The quantum expectation value and the stationary noise spectral density for a Fabry-P'erot gravitational-wave detector with a DC readout scheme are discussed in detail only through the quantum electrodynamics of lasers and the Heisenberg…
We have developed a new technique for photothermal displacement spectroscopy that is potentially orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional methods. We use a single Fabry-Perot resonator to enhance both the intensity of the pump…
An interferometric method is implemented in order to accurately assess the thermal fluctuations of a micro-cantilever sensor in liquid environments. The power spectrum density (PSD) of thermal fluctuations together with Sader's model of the…
We review and study the roles of quantum and classical fluctuations in recent cavity-optomechanical experiments which have now reached the quantum regime (mechanical phonon occupancy < 1) using resolved sideband laser cooling. In…
We report the first high-precision interferometer using large sapphire mirrors, and we present the first direct, broadband measurements of the fundamental thermal noise in these mirrors. Our results agree well with the thermoelastic-damping…
In recent years quantum phenomena have been experimentally demonstrated on variety of optomechanical systems ranging from micro-oscillators to photonic crystals. Since single photon couplings are quite small, most experimental approaches…
We develop and demonstrate a compact (less than $6$ mL) portable Fabry-P\'{e}rot optical reference cavity. A laser locked to the cavity is thermal noise limited at $2\times10^{-14}$ fractional frequency stability. Broadband feedback control…
In recent years microfabricated microwave cavities have been extremely successful in a wide variety of detector applications. In this article we focus this technology on the challenge of quantum-limited displacement detection of a…
We probe the motion of a 6 $\mu g$ magnetically levitated superconducting microsphere using optical interferometry at 3 K, achieving a resolution better than 1 $nm/ \sqrt{Hz}$, and use the measured signal to feedback-cool its motion. The…
Thermal noise usually dominates the low-frequency region of the optical phase noise of soliton microcombs, leading to decoherence and limiting many aspects of applications. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and reliable way to mitigate…
The large scale interferometric gravitational wave detectors consist of Fabry-Perot cavities operating at very high powers ranging from tens of kW to MW for next generations. The high powers may result in several nonlinear effects which…
We present a concept of a mirror for the application in high-reflectivity low-noise instruments such as interferometers. The concept is based on an etalon with a metasurface (meta-etalon) on the front and a conventional multilayer stack on…
Thermoelastic noise will be the most significant noise source in advanced-LIGO interferometers with sapphire test masses. The standard plan for advanced-LIGO has optimized the optics, within the framework of conventional mirrors, to reduce…