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We study the gravitational dynamics of quasi-hierarchical triple systems, where the outer orbital period is significantly longer than the inner one, but the outer orbit is extremely eccentric, rendering the time at pericentre comparable to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-10 Yonadav Barry Ginat , Jakob Stegmann , Johan Samsing

(abbreviated) We use a semi-numerical approach to study the secular behavior of a system composed of a central star and two massive planets in eccentric co-planar orbits. We show that the secular dynamics of this system can be described…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. A. Michtchenko , R. Malhotra

Mildly hierarchical three-body systems are widespread in the Universe, exemplified by planets in stellar binaries and stars in black-hole binaries. In such systems, Brown Hamiltonian corrections play a crucial role in governing the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hao Gao , Hanlun Lei

Von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai (ZLK) oscillations in hierarchical triple systems have important astrophysical implications such as triggering strong interactions and producing, e.g., Type Ia supernovae and gravitational wave sources. When…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-26 Adrian S. Hamers

The very long-term evolution of the hierarchical restricted three-body problem with a slightly aligned precessing quadrupole potential is studied analytically. This problem describes the evolution of a star and a planet which are perturbed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-21 Ygal Y. Klein , Boaz Katz

This study focuses on the long-term evolution of two bodies in nearby initially coplanar orbits around a central dominant body perturbed by a fourth body on a distant Keplerian orbit. Our previous works that considered this setup enforced…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-17 Myank Singhal , Ladislav Šubr , Jaroslav Haas

Triple systems with low hierarchical structure are common throughout the Universe, including examples such as high-altitude lunar satellites influenced by the Earth, planetary satellites perturbed by the Sun, and stellar binaries affected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Hanlun Lei , Evgeni Grishin

In hierarchical triple systems, the inner binary is perturbed by a distant companion. For large mutual inclinations, the Lidov-Kozai mechanism secularly excites large eccentricity and inclination oscillations of the inner binary. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-11 Evgeni Grishin , Hagai B. Perets , Giacomo Fragione

We study the long-term evolution of selected hierarchical triple systems in Newtonian gravity. We employ analytic equations derived in Paper II for the evolution of orbit-averaged orbital elements for both inner and outer orbits, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Landen Conway , Clifford M. Will

We develop a technique for estimating the inner eccentricity in hierarchical triple systems, with the inner orbit being initially circular, while the outer one is eccentric. We consider coplanar systems with well separated components and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-27 Nikolaos Georgakarakos

We study the stationary points of the hierarchical three body problem in the planetary limit (m_2, m_3 << m_1) at both the quadrupole and octupole orders. We demonstrate that the extension to octupole order preserves the principal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Bradley M. S. Hansen , Smadar Naoz

Field stars are frequently formed in pairs, and many of these binaries are part of triples or even higher-order systems. Even though, the principles of single stellar evolution and binary evolution, have been accepted for a long time, the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-20 S. Toonen , A. Hamers , S. Portegies Zwart

The SecularMultiple code, presented in two previous papers of this series, integrates the long-term dynamical evolution of multiple systems with any number of bodies and hierarchical structure, provided that the system is composed of nested…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Adrian S. Hamers

Consider the spatial three-body problem, in the regime where one body revolves far away around the other two, in space, the masses of the bodies being arbitrary but fixed; in this regime, there are no resonances in mean motions. The…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-23 Jacques Féjoz , Marcel Guardia

In many exoplanetary systems with `hot Jupiters', it is observed that the spin axes of host stars are highly misaligned to planetary orbital axes. In this study, a possible channel is investigated for producing such a misalignment under a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-28 Hanlun Lei , Yan-Xiang Gong

The dynamical evolution of nearly half of the known extrasolar planets in multiple-planet systems may be dominated by secular perturbations. The commonly high eccentricities of the planetary orbits calls into question the utility of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Dimitri Veras , Philip J. Armitage

The very long-term evolution of the hierarchical restricted three-body problem with a massive perturber is analyzed analytically in the high eccentricity regime. Perturbations on the time scale of the outer orbit can accumulate over long…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-09 Ygal Y. Klein , Boaz Katz

Nonrestricted hierarchical three-body configurations are common in various scales of astrophysical systems. Dynamical structures of the quadrupole-order resonance (the von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai resonance) and the octupole-order resonance (the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-27 Hanlun Lei , Xiumin Huang

The Hamiltonian used in classical analyses of von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai or ZLK oscillations in hierarchical triple systems is based on the quadrupole potential from a distant body on a fixed orbit, averaged over the orbits of both the inner…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Scott Tremaine

(Abridged) We investigate the dynamical evolution of coplanar hierarchical two-planet systems where the ratio of the orbital semimajor axes alpha=a_1/a_2 is small. The orbital parameters obtained from a multiple Kepler fit to the radial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Man Hoi Lee , S. J. Peale