Related papers: Electron Counting Capacitance Standard with an imp…
Using standard microfabrication techniques it is now possible to construct devices, which appear to reliably manipulate electrons one at a time. These devices have potential use as building blocks in quantum computing devices, or as a…
We demonstrate the robust operation of a gallium arsenide tunable-barrier single-electron pump operating with 1 part-per-million accuracy at a temperature of $1.3$~K and a pumping frequency of $500$~MHz. The accuracy of current quantisation…
We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low…
We report on the investigation of Al single electron structures equipped with miniature (8 um long) on-chip Cr resistors of R > R_k = h/e^2 = 25.8 kOhm. From the measurement of the Coulomb blockade in single-junction structures we evaluated…
Semiconductor-based quantum dot single-electron pumps are currently the most promising candidates for the direct realization of the emerging quantum standard of the ampere in the International System of Units. Here, we discuss a silicon…
In quantum metrology, semiconductor single-electron pumps are used to generate accurate electric currents with the ultimate goal of implementing the emerging quantum standard of the ampere. Pumps based on electrostatically defined tunable…
This paper presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of the Skipper-CCD, a sensor with single-electron counting capability, as a promising technology for implementing an electron-pump-based current source. Relying on its single-electron…
In this Letter, we present a theoretical analysis to single-electron pumping operation in a large range of driving frequencies through the time-dependent tunneling barriers controlled by external gate voltages. We show that the…
With the anticipated redefinition of the international system of units (SI) the base units will be linked to fundamental constants of nature [1]. As for the electrical base unit "Ampere", it will be linked to the elementary charge e,…
We have measured individual tunneling events and Coulomb step shapes in single-electron boxes with opaque superconductor-normal metal tunnel junctions. We observe anomalous broadening of the Coulomb step with decreasing temperature in a…
Measuring single-electron charge is one of the most fundamental quantum technologies. Charge sensing, which is an ingredient for the measurement of single spins or single photons, has been already developed for semiconductor gate-defined…
Precise and reproducible current generation is key to realize quantum current standards in metrology. A promising candidate is a tunable-barrier single-charge pump, which can accurately transfer single charges one by one with an error rate…
We evaluate the detector nonideality (and energy sensitivity) of a normal-state single-electron transistor (SET) in the cotunneling regime in a two-charge-state approximation. For small conductances and at zero temperature, the SET's…
We observe individual tunnel events of a single electron between a quantum dot and a reservoir, using a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a charge meter. The QPC is capacitively coupled to the dot, and the QPC conductance changes by…
Parallelizing single-electron pumps offers a promising route to achieving nanoampere-level currents crucial for quantum current standard applications. Achieving such current levels is essential for demonstrating the ultra-high accuracy of…
Two quantized charge pumps are operated in parallel. The total current generated is shown to be far more accurate than the current produced with just one pump operating at a higher frequency. With the application of a perpendicular magnetic…
Electron charge qubits are compelling candidates for solid-state quantum computing because of their inherent simplicity in qubit design, fabrication, control, and readout. However, all existing electron charge qubits, built upon…
In this Letter, we study the transient electron transfer phenomena of single-electron devices with alternating external gate voltages. We obtain a high frequency limit for pumping electrons one at a time in single-electron devices. Also, we…
Controlling electrons at the level of elementary charge $e$ has been demonstrated experimentally already in the 1980's. Ever since, producing an electrical current $ef$, or its integer multiple, at a drive frequency $f$ has been in a focus…
The possibility of using single molecule junctions as electron pumps for energy conversion and storage is considered. It is argued that the small dimensions of these systems enable to make use of unique intra-molecular quantum coherences in…