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The development of LLM agents has led to a growing body of work on knowledge-work AI, including coding, research, and healthcare. However, current knowledge-work evaluation and benchmark design still largely follow the logic of traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yining Hua , Hongbin Na , Cyrus Ayubcha , Levi Lian

Almost every software system provides configuration options to tailor the system to the target platform and application scenario. Often, this configurability renders the analysis of every individual system configuration infeasible. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Flávio Medeiros , Christian Kästner , Márcio Ribeiro , Rohit Gheyi , Sven Apel

The world of empirical machine learning (ML) strongly relies on benchmarks in order to determine the relative effectiveness of different algorithms and methods. This paper proposes the notion of "a benchmark lottery" that describes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Mostafa Dehghani , Yi Tay , Alexey A. Gritsenko , Zhe Zhao , Neil Houlsby , Fernando Diaz , Donald Metzler , Oriol Vinyals

ML is playing an increasingly crucial role in estimating causal effects of treatments on outcomes from observational data. Many ML methods (`causal estimators') have been proposed for this task. All of these methods, as with any ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Damian Machlanski , Spyridon Samothrakis , Paul Clarke

Commonly, AI or machine learning (ML) models are evaluated on benchmark datasets. This practice supports innovative methodological research, but benchmark performance can be poorly correlated with performance in real-world applications -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Olivier Binette , Jerome P. Reiter

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Accurately predicting faulty software units helps practitioners target faulty units and prioritize their efforts to maintain software quality. Prior studies use machine-learning models to detect faulty software code. We revisit past studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Libo Li , Stefan Lessmann , Bart Baesens

NLP models have progressed drastically in recent years, according to numerous datasets proposed to evaluate performance. Questions remain, however, about how particular dataset design choices may impact the conclusions we draw about model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Kaiser Sun , Adina Williams , Dieuwke Hupkes

Benchmarking; by which I mean any computer system that is driven by a controlled workload, is the ultimate in performance testing and simulation. Aside from being a form of institutionalized cheating, it also offer countless opportunities…

Performance · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Neil J. Gunther

Recent work has questioned the reliability of graph learning benchmarks, citing concerns around task design, methodological rigor, and data suitability. In this extended abstract, we contribute to this discussion by focusing on evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Filip Cornell , Oleg Smirnov , Gabriela Zarzar Gandler , Lele Cao

We introduce NATURAL PLAN, a realistic planning benchmark in natural language containing 3 key tasks: Trip Planning, Meeting Planning, and Calendar Scheduling. We focus our evaluation on the planning capabilities of LLMs with full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Huaixiu Steven Zheng , Swaroop Mishra , Hugh Zhang , Xinyun Chen , Minmin Chen , Azade Nova , Le Hou , Heng-Tze Cheng , Quoc V. Le , Ed H. Chi , Denny Zhou

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Scheduling with testing is a recent online problem within the framework of explorable uncertainty motivated by environments where some preliminary action can influence the duration of a task. Jobs have an unknown processing time that can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Susanne Albers , Alexander Eckl

Monitoring plan preconditions can allow for replanning when a precondition fails, generally far in advance of the point in the plan where the precondition is relevant. However, monitoring is generally costly, and some precondition failures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Craig Boutilier

Estimating the dependences between random variables, and ranking them accordingly, is a prevalent problem in machine learning. Pursuing frequentist and information-theoretic approaches, we first show that the p-value and the mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Harald Steck

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Optimization is offered as an objective approach to resolving complex, real-world decisions involving uncertainty and conflicting interests. It drives business strategies as well as public policies and, increasingly, lies at the heart of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Benjamin Laufer , Thomas Krendl Gilbert , Helen Nissenbaum

Researchers addressing post-treatment complications in randomized trials often turn to principal stratification to define relevant assumptions and quantities of interest. One approach for estimating causal effects in this framework is to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-09 Avi Feller , Fabrizia Mealli , Luke Miratrix

Large language models (LLMs) regularly demonstrate new and impressive performance on a wide range of language, knowledge, and reasoning benchmarks. Such rapid progress has led many commentators to argue that LLM general cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 James Fodor

Current benchmarks are inadequate for evaluating progress in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs).Despite recent benchmark gains reported for RL, we find that training on these benchmarks' training sets achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zihan Chen , Yiming Zhang , Hengguang Zhou , Zenghui Ding , Yining Sun , Cho-Jui Hsieh