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The increased complexity of state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have resulted in an opacity that inhibits explainability and understanding. This has led to the development of several post-hoc explainability methods that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Charl Maree , Christian Omlin

We consider the problem of reinforcement learning using function approximation, where the approximating basis can change dynamically while interacting with the environment. A motivation for such an approach is maximizing the value function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-05-04 Dotan Di Castro , Shie Mannor

Using multiple agents was found to improve the debugging capabilities of Large Language Models. However, increasing the number of LLM-agents has several drawbacks such as increasing the running costs and rising the risk for the agents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada , Haifa Touati

We propose a framework for ensuring safe behavior of a reinforcement learning agent when the reward function may be difficult to specify. In order to do this, we rely on the existence of demonstrations from expert policies, and we provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Jessie Huang , Fa Wu , Doina Precup , Yang Cai

Imitation learning stands at a crossroads: despite decades of progress, current imitation learning agents remain sophisticated memorisation machines, excelling at replay but failing when contexts shift or goals evolve. This paper argues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nathan Gavenski , Felipe Meneguzzi , Odinaldo Rodrigues

We consider a two-agent MDP framework where agents repeatedly solve a task in a collaborative setting. We study the problem of designing a learning algorithm for the first agent (A1) that facilitates a successful collaboration even in cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , David C. Parkes , Adish Singla

Learning how to adapt to complex and dynamic environments is one of the most important factors that contribute to our intelligence. Endowing artificial agents with this ability is not a simple task, particularly in competitive scenarios. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Pablo Barros , Ana Tanevska , Alessandra Sciutti

In the sequential decision making setting, an agent aims to achieve systematic generalization over a large, possibly infinite, set of environments. Such environments are modeled as discrete Markov decision processes with both states and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Mirco Mutti , Riccardo De Santi , Emanuele Rossi , Juan Felipe Calderon , Michael Bronstein , Marcello Restelli

This paper proposes a reversible learning framework to improve the robustness and efficiency of value based Reinforcement Learning agents, addressing vulnerability to value overestimation and instability in partially irreversible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Andrejs Sorstkins , Omer Tariq , Muhammad Bilal

Our aim is to design mechanisms that motivate all agents to reveal their predictions truthfully and promptly. For myopic agents, proper scoring rules induce truthfulness. However, as has been described in the literature, when agents take…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Amir Ban

Interactive reinforcement learning has become an important apprenticeship approach to speed up convergence in classic reinforcement learning problems. In this regard, a variant of interactive reinforcement learning is policy shaping which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Francisco Cruz , Sven Magg , Yukie Nagai , Stefan Wermter

We address the problem of conformal selection, where an agent must select a minimal subset of options to ensure that at least one ``success'' is identified with a pre-specified target probability $\phi$. While traditional online conformal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sreenivas Gollapudi , Kostas Kollias , Kamesh Munagala , Ali Sinop

Large language models are increasingly deployed as specialized agents that plan, call tools, and take actions over extended horizons. Yet many existing evaluations assume a "clean interface" where dynamics are specified and stable, tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Online multi-agent control problems, where many agents pursue competing and time-varying objectives, are widespread in domains such as autonomous robotics, economics, and energy systems. In these settings, robustness to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Anas Barakat , John Lazarsfeld , Georgios Piliouras , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Adaptivity, both of the individual agents and of the interaction structure among the agents, seems indispensable for scaling up multi-agent systems (MAS's) in noisy environments. One important consideration in designing adaptive agents is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert , Sergey Kirshner , Chris J. Merz , Kagan Tumer

The problem of assigning agents to tasks is a central computational challenge in many multi-agent autonomous systems. However, in the real world, agents are not always perfect and may fail due to a number of reasons. A motivating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Russell Schwartz , Pratap Tokekar

Humans are highly effective at utilizing prior knowledge to adapt to novel tasks, a capability that standard machine learning models struggle to replicate due to their reliance on task-specific training. Meta-learning overcomes this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Björn Hoppmann , Christoph Scholz

Active inference is a formal approach to study cognition based on the notion that adaptive agents can be seen as engaging in a process of approximate Bayesian inference, via the minimisation of variational and expected free energies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Filippo Torresan , Keisuke Suzuki , Ryota Kanai , Manuel Baltieri

Autonomous software agents operating in dynamic environments need to constantly reason about actions in pursuit of their goals, while taking into consideration norms which might be imposed on those actions. Normative practical reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Zohreh Shams , Marina De Vos , Julian Padget , Wamberto W. Vasconcelos

In a multi-agent system, an agent's optimal policy will typically depend on the policies chosen by others. Therefore, a key issue in multi-agent systems research is that of predicting the behaviours of others, and responding promptly to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Dongge Han , Wendelin Boehmer , Michael Wooldridge , Alex Rogers