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We present a theoretical study of multi-mode scattering of light by optically random media, using the Mueller-Stokes formalism which permits to encode all the polarization properties of the scattering medium in a real $4 \times 4$ matrix.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Aiello , J. P. Woerdman

Polarimetric observations of the twilight sky are effective for the investigations of scattering properties of the atmosphere at different altitudes. Modern computer technique allows to reduce the influence of multiple scattering on the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. V. Postylyakov , O. S. Ugolnikov , I. A. Maslov , A. N. Masleev

The Stokes Mueller polarimetry is generalized to include nonlinear optical processes such as second- and third-harmonic generation, sum- and difference-frequency generations. The overall algebraic form of the polarimetry is preserved, where…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-03 Masood Samim , Serguei Krouglov , Virginijus Barzda

Advances in vectorial polarisation-resolved imaging are bringing new capabilities to applications ranging from fundamental physics through to clinical diagnosis. Imaging polarimetry requires determination of the Mueller matrix (MM) at every…

We present a novel approach to model ultrafast time-dependent nonlinear optical polarization sensitive signals emitted from randomly-oriented molecules. By projecting the laboratory-frame analyzer polarization axis into the molecular frame…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 R. L. Thurston , N. Shivaram , Th. Weber , L. Z. Tan , D. S. Slaughter

Information on the polarization properties of scattered light from plasmonic systems are of paramount importance due to fundamental interest and potential applications. However, such studies are severely compromised due to the experimental…

Transmission matrices are valuable tools to describe and control light transport through scattering media. There are only a few cases where the transmission matrix can be compared to microscopic theories. Here we measure the…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-19 Xiaomeng Sui , Allard Mosk

Polarization plays an important role in various time-domain astrophysics to understand the magnetic fields, geometry, and environments of spatially unresolved variable sources. In this paper we present the results of laboratory and on-sky…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Manisha Shrestha , Iain A. Steele , Andrez S. Piascik , Helen Jermak , Robert J. Smith , Chris M. Copperwheat

We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…

In polarimetry it is important to characterize the polarization properties of the instrument itself to disentangle real astrophysical signals from instrumental effects. This article deals with the accurate measurement and modeling of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 G. van Harten , F. Snik , C. U. Keller

We analyze the generation of polarization cross-talk in Stokes polarimeters by atmospheric seeing, and its effects on the noise statistics of spectropolarimetric measurements for both single-beam and dual-beam instruments. We investigate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Roberto Casini , Alfred G. de Wijn , Philip G. Judge

Accurate characterization of polarization dependent light matter interactions in nanostructured systems is paramount for the development of chiral metasurfaces. It is also often challenging, because multiple anisotropic mechanisms, such as…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-27 Jeeban Kumar Nayak , Ebru Buhara , Olivier J. F. Martin

Material classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision and plays a crucial role in scene understanding. Previous studies have explored various material recognition methods based on reflection properties such as color, texture,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ryota Maeda , Naoki Arikawa , Yutaka No , Shinsaku Hiura

The polarization state of starlight reflected by a planetary atmosphere uniquely reveals coverage, particle size, and composition of aerosols as well as changing cloud patterns. It is not possible to obtain a comparable level of detailed…

A polarization camera can capture four linear polarized images with different polarizer angles in a single shot, which is useful in polarization-based vision applications since the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and the angle of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chu Zhou , Minggui Teng , Xinyu Zhou , Chao Xu , Imari Sato , Boxin Shi

We expand on our previous study of the impact of atmospheric seeing on polarization cross-talk, and show how the formalism that was developed in that work can be applied to treat the case of spatial modulators of polarization. Beside…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Roberto Casini , Alfred G. de Wijn

The effects of the polarization characteristics of beam trains in optical long-baseline interferometers are well known and have led to difficulties in measuring the spatial coherence of astronomical sources in the past. This has been…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-23 Guy Perrin

Polarized light microscopy, as a contrast-enhancing technique for optically anisotropic materials, is a method well suited for the investigation of a wide variety of effects in solid-state physics, as for example birefringence in crystals…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-12-19 Matthias Lange , Stefan Guénon , Felix Lever , Reinhold Kleiner , Dieter Koelle

An analysis of the matrix models representing the polarimetric properties of light and material media is carried out by using the concept of the coherency matrix, which leads to the identification and definition of their corresponding…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-18 José J. Gil

Dichroic filters are used by instrument designers to split a field of view into different optical paths for simultaneous measurement of different spectral bands. Quantifying the polarization aberrations of a dichroic is relevant for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-24 James Heath , Meredith Kupinski , Ewan Douglas , Kira Hart , James Breckinridge