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This work presents a theoretical analysis of the Autler-Townes splitting pattern in the four-wave mixing signal generated in a three-level cascade Doppler-broadened system. We employ the density matrix formalism to write the Bloch equations…
We analyze an experimental setup in which a quasi-monochromatic spatially coherent beam of light is used to probe a paraxial optical scatterer. We discuss the effect of the spatial coherence of the probe beam on the Mueller matrix…
Laser speckle is generated by the multiple interference of light through a disordered medium. Here we study the premise that the speckle pattern retains information about the polarisation state of the incident field. We analytically verify…
We show that, under the right conditions, one can make highly accurate polarization-based measurements without knowing the absolute polarization state of the probing light field. It is shown that light, passed through a randomly varying…
Profile comparison of the Stokes parameters $V$ and $I$ is a powerful tool for maser data analysis, providing the first direct methods for unambiguous determination of (1) the maser saturation stage, (2) the amplification optical depth and…
Linearly polarized emission is described, in general, in terms of the Stokes parameters $Q$ and $U$, from which the polarization intensity and polarization angle can be determined. Although the polarization intensity and polarization angle…
This work characterizes a phenomenon in direct laser written directional couplers where the splitting ratio for output light is dependent on the input polarization state. In general, for laser written waveguides, different coupling…
We observe a large fraction of circular polarization in radio emission from extensive air showers recorded during thunderstorms, much higher than in the emission from air showers measured during fair-weather circumstances. We show that the…
When viewed with a cross-polarized optical microscope (POM), liquid crystals display interference colors and complex patterns that depend on the material's microscopic orientation. That orientation can be manipulated by application of…
A standard procedure to achieve accurate, precise, and fast polarization measurement is to choose analyzing and generating polarization states that yield an $\ell^2$-condition number optimized instrument matrix. This strategy works well for…
Well over 700 exoplanets have been detected to date. Only a handful of these have been observed directly. Direct observation is extremely challenging due to the small separation and very large contrast involved. Imaging polarimetry offers a…
Studying the internal structure of complex samples with light is an important task, but a difficult challenge due to light scattering. While the complex optical distortions induced by multiple scattering can be effectively undone with the…
While amongst the most luminous objects in the universe, many details regarding the inner structure of quasars remain unknown. One such area is the mechanism promoting increased polarisation in the broad absorption line troughs of certain…
A novel technique for polarization-multiplexing ghost imaging is proposed to simultaneously obtain multiple polarimetric information by a single detector. Here, polarization-division multiplexing speckles are employed for object…
Transmission matrix measurements of multimode fibers are now routinely performed in numerous labs, enabling control of the electric field at the distal end of the fiber and paving the way for the potential application to ultrathin medical…
The Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) records line-of-sight Dopplergram images of convective flows on the surface. These images are used to obtain the multi-scale convective spectrum. We design…
The polarization of light is critical in various applications, including quantum communication, where the photon polarization encoding a qubit can undergo uncontrolled changes when transmitted through optical fibers. Bends in the fiber,…
If dark matter interactions with Standard Model particles are $CP$-violating, then dark matter annihilation/decay can produce photons with a net circular polarization. We consider the prospects for experimentally detecting evidence for such…
Quantifying the optical chirality of a sample requires the precise measurement of the rotation of the plane of linear polarisation of the transmitted light. Central to this notion is that the sample needs to be exposed to light of a defined…
In many applications and physical phenomena, bivariate signals are polarized, i.e. they trace an elliptical trajectory over time when viewed in the 2D planes of their two components. The smooth evolution of this elliptical trajectory,…