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The ring-like structures in protoplanetary discs that are observed in the cold dust emission by ALMA, might be explained by dust aggregates trapped aerodynamically in pressure maxima. The effect of a transient pressure maximum is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-05 Zs. Sándor , O. M. Guilera , Zs. Regály , W. Lyra

In stellar astrophysics, the technique of population synthesis has been successfully used for several decades. For planets, it is in contrast still a young method which only became important in recent years because of the rapid increase of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Christoph Mordasini

Planet formation models are now often considering the formation of planetary systems, with more than one planet per system. This raises the question of how to represent planetary systems in a convenient way, (e.g. for visualisation purpose)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-10 Yann Alibert

Understanding the collisional behavior of dust aggregates is essential in the context of planet formation. It is known that low-velocity collisions of dust aggregates result in bouncing rather than sticking when the filling factor of…

We outline a scenario which traces a direct path from freely-floating nebula particles to the first 10-100km-sized bodies in the terrestrial planet region, producing planetesimals which have properties matching those of primitive meteorite…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Jeffrey N. Cuzzi , Robert C. Hogan , Karim Shariff

The last phase of the formation of rocky planets is dominated by collisions among Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Simulations of this phase need to handle the difficulty of including the post-impact material without saturating the…

Observations of protoplanetary disks provide information on planet formation and the reasons for the diversity of planetary systems. The key to understanding planet formation is the study of dust evolution from small grains to pebbles.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Riccardo Franceschi , Tilman Birnstiel , Thomas Henning , Anirudh Sharma

Recent observations suggest that the first stages of planet formation likely take place in the Class 0/I phase of Young Stellar Object evolution, when the star and the disk are still embedded in an infalling envelope. In this study we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-12 Wenrui Xu , Philip J. Armitage

Planetesimals in gaseous protoplanetary disks may grow by collecting dust particles. Hydrodynamical studies show that small particles generally avoid collisions with the planetesimals because they are entrained by the flow around them. This…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 H. Homann , T. Guillot , J. Bec , C. W. Ormel , S. Ida , P. Tanga

Debris belts on the periphery of planetary systems, encompassing the region occupied by planetary orbits, are massive analogues of the Solar system's Kuiper belt. They are detected by thermal emission of dust released in collisions amongst…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-18 Alexander V. Krivov , Mark C. Wyatt

Observations of dusty debris disks can be used to test theories of planetesimal coagulation. Planetesimals of sizes up to a couple thousand kms are embedded in these disks and their mutual collisions generate the small dust grains that are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-03 Andrew B. Shannon , Yanqin Wu

Context: The radial drift and fragmentation of small dust grains in protoplanetary discs impedes their growth past centimetre sizes. Several mechanisms have been proposed to overcome these planet formation barriers, such as dust porosity or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-29 Jean-François Gonzalez , Stéphane Michoulier

Early dust evolution in protoplanetary disks is dominated by sticking collisions. However, this initial phase of particle growth faces constraints - notably from destructive encounters. To find the maximum particle size achievable, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 J. Teiser , J. Penner , K. Joeris , F. C. Onyeagusi , J. E. Kollmer , D. Daab , G. Wurm

Collisions are a fundamental process in planet formation. If colliding objects simply merge, a planetary object can grow. However, if the collision is disruptive, planetary growth is prevented. Therefore, the impact conditions under which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-30 H. Genda , T. Fujita , H. Kobayashi , H. Tanaka , Y. Abe

The environment plays a critical role in galaxy evolution, with galaxy clusters and their infall regions offering diverse conditions that shape galaxies before they enter the dense cluster core, a process known as ``pre-processing''.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-15 Rhys Jordan , Meghan E. Gray , Alfonso Aragón-Salamanca , Steven P. Bamford , Frazer R. Pearce , Roan Haggar

The size distribution of asteroids and Kuiper belt objects in the solar system is difficult to reconcile with a bottom-up formation scenario due to the observed scarcity of objects smaller than $\sim$100 km in size. Instead, planetesimals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Daniel Carrera , Anders Johansen , Melvyn B. Davies

Planets have been detected around a variety of stars, including low-mass objects, such as brown dwarfs. However, such extreme cases are challenging for planet formation models. Recent sub-millimeter observations of disks around brown dwarf…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-20 P. Pinilla , T. Birnstiel , M. Benisty , L. Ricci , A. Natta , C. P. Dullemond , C. Dominik , L. Testi

Cohesive powders form agglomerates that can be very porous. Hence they are also very fragile. Consider a process of complete fragmentation on a characteristic length scale $\ell$, where the fragments are subsequently allowed to settle under…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-09-10 Dietrich E. Wolf , Thorsten Poeschel , Thomas Schwager , Alexander Weuster , Lothar Brendel

Transitional discs are a special type of protoplanetary discs where planet formation is thought to be taking place. These objects feature characteristic inner cavities and/or gaps of a few tens of AUs in the sub-millimitre images of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 M. de Juan Ovelar , M. Min , C. Dominik , C. Thalmann , P. Pinilla , M. Benisty , T. Birnstiel

We use a newly developed cascade model of turbulent concentration of particles in protoplanetary nebulae to calculate several properties of interest to the formation of primitive planetesimals and to the meteorite record. The model follows,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-15 Thomas Hartlep , Jeffrey N. Cuzzi