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Let X and Y be infinite graphs, such that the automorphism group of X is nonamenable, and the automorphism group of Y has an infinite orbit. We prove that there is no automorphism-invariant measure on the set of spanning trees in the direct…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robin Pemantle , Yuval Peres

In this paper we initiate the study of the forward and backward shifts on the Hardy space of a tree and the little Hardy space of a tree. In particular, we investigate when these shifts are bounded, find the norm of the shifts if they are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Adán Ángeles-Romero , Rubén A. Martínez Avendaño

Hex-trees are identified as a particular instance of weighted unary-binary trees. The Horton-Strahler numbers of these objects are revisited, and, thanks to a substitution that is not immediately intuitive, explicit results are possible.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Helmut Prodinger

This paper proves that two differently defined rooted binary trees are isomorphic. The first tree is one associated to a version of Farey sequences where the vertices correspond to the open intervals formed by two successive terms in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Makoto Nagata , Yoshinori Takei

Recently K.-G. Grosse-Erdmann and D. Papathanasiou described hypercyclic shifts in weighted spaces on directed trees. In this note we discuss several simple examples of graphs which are not trees, e.g., the lattice graphs, and study…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Anton Baranov , Andrei Lishanskii , Dimitris Papathanasiou

We study the class of hyponormal 2-variable weighted shifts with two consecutive equal weights in the weight sequence of one of the coordinate operators. We show that under natural assumptions on the coordinate operators, the presence of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Raul E. Curto , Jasang Yoon

A plane rooted tree is called a hipster tree if it has no nontrivial automorphisms. Equivalently, a tree is a hipster tree if no two siblings have isomorphic subtrees. We impose the hipster condition on various classes of rooted trees. By…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Alexander Wong

Let $T$ be a tree rooted at $r$. Two vertices of $T$ are related if one is a descendant of the other; otherwise, they are unrelated. Two subsets $A$ and $B$ of $V(T)$ are unrelated if, for any $a\in A$ and $b\in B$, $a$ and $b$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-08 Zi-Xia Song , Talon Ward , Alexander York

A quasiconformal tree $T$ is a (compact) metric tree that is doubling and of bounded turning. We call $T$ trivalent if every branch point of $T$ has exactly three branches. If the set of branch points is uniformly relatively separated and…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-04-20 Mario Bonk , Daniel Meyer

In this article, we construct explicit examples of pairs of non-isomorphic trees with the same restricted $U$-polynomial for every $k$; by this we mean that the polynomials agree on terms with degree at most $k+1$. The main tool for this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-20 José Aliste-Prieto , Anna de Mier , José Zamora

Binary rooted trees, both in the ordered and in the un-ordered case, are well studied structures in the field of combinatorics. The aim of this work is to study particular patterns in these classes of trees. We consider completely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Filippo Disanto

We derive two formulas for the weighted sums of rooted spanning forests of particular sequence of graphs by using the matrix tree theorem. We consider cycle graphs with edges so called the pendant edges. One of our formula can be described…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Hajime Fujita , Kimiko Hasegawa , Yukie Inaba , Takefumi Kondo

The probability that two randomly selected phylogenetic trees of the same size are isomorphic is found to be asymptotic to a decreasing exponential modulated by a polynomial factor. The number of symmetrical nodes in a random phylogenetic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-07 Miklos Bona , Philippe Flajolet

Arboreal networks are a generalization of rooted trees, defined by keeping the tree-like structure, but dropping the requirement for a single root. Just as the class of cographs is precisely the class of undirected graphs that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Guillaume E. Scholz

The straight skeleton of a polygon is the geometric graph obtained by tracing the vertices during a mitered offsetting process. It is known that the straight skeleton of a simple polygon is a tree, and one can naturally derive directions on…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Oswin Aichholzer , Therese Biedl , Thomas Hackl , Martin Held , Stefan Huber , Peter Palfrader , Birgit Vogtenhuber

A compacted binary tree is a directed acyclic graph encoding a binary tree in which common subtrees are factored and shared, such that they are represented only once. We show that the number of compacted binary trees of size $n$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Andrew Elvey Price , Wenjie Fang , Michael Wallner

A weighted recursive tree is an evolving tree in which vertices are assigned random vertex-weights and new vertices connect to a predecessor with a probability proportional to its weight. Here, we study the maximum degree and near-maximum…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Laura Eslava , Bas Lodewijks , Marcel Ortgiese

A metric phylogenetic tree relating a collection of taxa induces weighted rooted triples and weighted quartets for all subsets of three and four taxa, respectively. New intertaxon distances are defined that can be calculated from these…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-12 Samaneh Yourdkhani , John A. Rhodes

Given an edge-weighted tree $T$ with $n$ leaves, sample the leaves uniformly at random without replacement and let $W_k$, $2 \le k \le n$, be the length of the subtree spanned by the first $k$ leaves. We consider the question, "Can $T$ be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Steven N. Evans , Daniel Lanoue

We show that a weighted shift on a directed tree is related to a multiplier algebra of coefficients of analytic functions. We use this relation to study spectral properties of the operators in question.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Piotr Budzynski , Piotr Dymek , Marek Ptak