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Phase retrieval is at the heart of adaptive optics and modern high-resolution imaging. Without phase information, optical systems are limited to intensity-only measurements, hindering full reconstruction of object structures and wavefront…

By means of a metal opto-acoustic transducer we generate quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse picosecond strain pulses in a (311)-GaAs substrate and monitor their propagation by picosecond acoustic interferometry. By probing at the…

Interferometry, as the key technique in modern precision measurements, has been used for length diagnosis in the fields of engineering metrology and astronomy. Analogous interferometric technique for time domain precision measurement is a…

Optics · Physics 2019-11-15 Zhen Yang , Wei Cao , Yunlong Mo , Huiyao Xu , Kang Mi , Pengfei Lan , Qingbin Zhang , Peixiang Lu

Energy coupling during relativistically intense laser-matter interactions is encoded in the attosecond motion of strongly driven electrons at the pre-formed plasma-vacuum boundary. Studying and controlling this motion can reveal details…

This perspective introduces attosecond path qubits: measurement-defined two-level subsystems that arise naturally in strong-field physics from the coherent interference of distinguishable quantum pathways. These effective qubits are…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-14 Oren Cohen

A practical approach is proposed for efficiently generating ultrashort attosecond pulses (APs) from realistic solid-state materials, aiming to optimize pulse width effectively. By adjusting the photon energy while maintaining a constant…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-25 Xinyuan Zhang , Shiqi Hu , Mengxue Guan , Sheng Meng

The generation of attosecond X-ray pulses has garnered significant attention within the X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) community due to their potential for ultrafast time-resolved studies. Such pulses enable the investigation of electron…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Tu Lingjun , Sun Hao , Yi Huaiqian , Zeng Li , Liang Yifan , Yu Yong , Wang Xiaofan , Zhang Weiqing

We explore the novel capabilities offered by attosecond extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses that can be now generated by free-electron lasers and high-harmonics generation sources for probing photon-induced electron dynamics in molecules.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Marvin Reuner , Daria Popova-Gorelova

We investigate a two-level atom in the field of a strong laser pulse. The resulting time-dependent polarization is the source of a radiation the frequency components of which are essentially harmonics of the driving field's carrier…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 Ákos Gombkötő , Attila Czirják , Sándor Varró , Péter Földi

Light-phase-sensitive techniques, such as coherent multidimensional spectroscopy, are well-established in a broad spectral range, already spanning from radio-frequencies in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to visible and ultraviolet…

In this paper, we propose a new method to characterize the temporal structure of arbitrary optical laser pulses with low pulse energies. This approach is based on strong field photoelectron holography with the glory rescattering effect as…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-04-29 J. F. Tao , J. Cai , Q. Z. Xia , J. Liu

The correlated behavior of electrons determines the structure and optical properties of molecules, semiconductor and other systems. Valuable information on these correlations is provided by measuring the response to femtosecond laser…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shaul Mukamel , Rafal Oszwaldowski , Lijun Yang

A new method to generate short wavelength Free Electron Laser output with modulated polarisation at attosecond timescales is presented. Simulations demonstrate polarisation switching timescales that are four orders of magnitude faster than…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 J. Morgan , B. W. J. McNeil

Attosecond X-ray pulses are indispensable for exploring ultrafast phenomena in matter on Angstrom and attosecond scales. Here we propose a new method to realize spatiotemporal shaping of attosecond X-rays through temporal control of the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Chenzhi Xu , Jiawei Yan , Gianluca Geloni , Christoph Lechner , Haixiao Deng

A thin and dense plasma layer is created when a sufficiently strong laser pulse impinges on a solid target. The nonlinearity introduced by the time-dependent electron density leads to the generation of harmonics. The pulse duration of the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Bauer , R. R. E. Salomaa , P. Mulser

Characterizing resonant scatterers is challenging because their poles and zeros usually lie away from the real-frequency axis, whereas most measurements sample only real frequencies and infer off-axis behavior from fitted models. Here we…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-16 Alex Krasnok , Denis Seletskiy

We explore stimulated photo-association in the context of attosecond pump-probe schemes of atomic matter. An attosecond pulse -- the probe -- is used to induce photo-association of an electronic wave packet which had been created before,…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paula Rivière , Camilo Ruiz , Jan-Michael Rost

A detection scheme for characterizing high-energy $\gamma$-ray pulses down to the zeptosecond timescale is proposed. In contrast to existing attosecond metrology techniques, our method is not limited by atomic shell physics and therefore…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-08-17 Andreas Ipp , jörg Evers , Christoph H. Keitel , Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan

Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution…

The attosecond high harmonic pulses obtained from a long Ar-filled gas cell were characterized by two techniques - the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition (RABITT) and frequency-resolved optical…