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Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: higher photon flux (permitting…
We propose a method for programmable shaping of the amplitude and phase of the XUV and x-ray attosecond pulses produced by high-order harmonic generation. It overcomes the bandwidth limitations of existing spectral filters and enables…
Realistic attosecond wave packets have complex profiles that, in dispersive conditions, rapidly broaden or split into multiple components. Such behaviors are encoded in sharp features of the wave packet spectral phase. Here, we exploit the…
Attosecond pulses are fundamental for the investigation of valence and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescale. At present the reproducible generation and characterisation of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated only through…
We report attosecond-scale probing of the laser-induced dynamics in molecules. We apply the method of high-harmonic spectroscopy, where laser-driven recolliding electrons on various trajec- tories record the motion of their parent ion.…
An electrical pulse E(t) is completely defined by its time-dependent amplitude and polarisation direction. For optical pulses the manipulation and characterisation of the light polarisation state is fundamental due to its relevance in…
We demonstrate a new attosecond pulse reconstruction modality which uses an algorithm that is derived from ptychography. In contrast to other methods, energy and delay sampling are not correlated, and as a result, the number of electron…
We propose a new technique to fully characterize the temporal structure of extreme ultraviolet pulses by ionizing a bound coherent electronic wavepacket. The populated energy levels make it possible to interfere different spectral…
Natively, atomic and molecular processes develop in a sub-femtosecond time scale. In order to, for instance, track and capture the electron motion in that scale we need suitable `probes'. Attosecond pulses configure the most appropriate…
Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the first temporal…
Attosecond metrology with linearly polarized light pulses is the basis of a highly successful research area. An even broader impact can be expected from a generalized metrology that covers two-dimensional polarization states, enabling…
High harmonic generation by relativistically intense laser pulses from overdense plasma layers is surveyed. High harmonics are generated in form of (sub-)attosecond pulses when the plasma surface rebounds towards the observer with…
The physics of high harmonics has led to the generation of attosecond pulses and to trains of attosecond pulses. Measurements that confirm the pulse duration are all performed in the far field. All pulse duration measurements tacitly assume…
Attosecond streaking, as a measurement technique, was originally conceived as a means to characterize attosecond light pulses, which is a good approximation if the relevant transition matrix elements are approximately constant within the…
Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, sub-femtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond…
We demonstrate an all-optical approach for precise characterization of attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. Isolated attosecond pulse is produced from high order harmonics using intense driving pulse with proper gating technique. When a…
Asymmetric molecules look different when viewed from one side or the other. This difference influences the electronic structure of the valence electrons, thereby giving stereo sensitivity to chemistry and biology. We show that attosecond…
We review the main research directions ongoing in the development of high-harmonic generation-based extreme ultraviolet sources for the synthesization and application of trains and isolated attosecond pulses to time-resolved spectroscopy. A…
Spectra of circularly polarized harmonics is calculated by numerically solving the Time-Dependent Schr\"{o}dinger Equation for a 2D model of Ne atom using circularly polarized fundamental with counter-rotating second harmonic laser fields.…
In this tutorial we provide a short review of attosecond pulse characterization techniques and a pedagogical account of a recently proposed method called Pulse Analysis by Delayed Absorption (PANDA) [Pabst and Dahlstr\"om, Phys. Rev. A, 94,…