Related papers: A simple finitary proof of Goodstein's Theorem

In this paper, a simple explanation for the Goldbach Conjecture is given. We have shown that the probability of violating the conjecture not only for the prime numbers, but also for any subset of natural numbers whose distribution is…

Let (F_n^{(k)})_{n\geq -(k-2)} be the k-generalized Fibonacci sequence, defined as the linear recurrence sequence whose first k terms are \(0, 0, \ldots, 0, 1\), and whose subsequent terms are determined by the sum of the preceding k terms.…

The $p$-adic Littlewood Conjecture due to De Mathan and Teuli\'e asserts that for any prime number $p$ and any real number $\alpha$, the equation $$\inf_{|m|\ge 1} |m|\cdot |m|_p\cdot |\langle m\alpha \rangle|\, =\, 0 $$ holds. Here, $|m|$…

The stable reduction theorem says that a family of curves of genus $g\geq 2$ over a punctured curve can be uniquely completed (after possible base change) by inserting certain stable curves at the punctures. We give a new proof of this…

For a Grothendieck category having a noetherian generator, we prove that there are only finitely many minimal atoms. This is a noncommutative analogue of the fact that every noetherian scheme has only finitely many irreducible components.…

Let $G$ be a simple graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges and let $k$ be a natural number such that $k\leq n.$ Brouwer conjectured that the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ is at most $m+{k+1 \choose 2}.$ In this paper we…

In this paper, we consider mixed sums of generalized polygonal numbers. Specifically, we obtain a finiteness condition for universality of such sums; this means that it suffices to check representability of a finite subset of the positive…

We first partly develop a mathematical notion of stable consistency intended to reflect the actual consistency property of human beings. Then we give a generalization of the first and second G\"odel incompleteness theorem to stably…

We consider deformations of bounded complexes of modules for a profinite group G over a field of positive characteristic. We prove a finiteness theorem which provides some sufficient conditions for the versal deformation of such a complex…

Fix $k \geq 6$. We prove that any large enough finite group $G$ contains $k$ elements which span quadratically many triples of the form $(a,b,ab) \in S \times G$, given any dense set $S \subseteq G \times G$. The quadratic bound is…

Kochen and Specker's theorem can be seen as a consequence of Gleason's theorem and logical compactness. Similar compactness arguments lead to stronger results about finite sets of rays in Hilbert space, which we also prove by a direct…

We prove that for every number k each countable infinite group $G$ admits a partition $G=A\cup B$ into two sets which are $k$-meager in the sense that for every $k$-element subset $K\subset G$ the sets $KA$ and $KB$ are not thick. The proof…

We introduce the $\Sigma_1$-definable universal finite sequence and prove that it exhibits the universal extension property amongst the countable models of set theory under end-extension. That is, (i) the sequence is $\Sigma_1$-definable…

In arXiv:2508.14768, a variant of Goodstein's original process was recently introduced which, given a set $B\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of bases, writes each $n\in\mathbb{N}$ in $B$-normal form, namely $n=b^ea+r$, where $b\in B$ the greatest base…

Let $F$ be an integral linear recurrence, $G$ be an integer-valued polynomial splitting over the rationals, and $h$ be a positive integer. Also, let $\mathcal{A}_{F,G,h}$ be the set of all natural numbers $n$ such that $\gcd(F(n), G(n)) =…

We generalize Goodstein's theorem (Goodstein 1944) and Cichon's independence proof (Cichon 1983) to $\Pi^1_1-\mathrm{CA}_0$ using results from (Wilken 2026). The method is generalizable to stronger notation systems that provide unique terms…

Let $G$ be a group. The subsets $A_1,\ldots,A_k$ of $G$ form a complete factorization of group $G$ if if they are pairwise disjoint and each element $g\in G$ is uniquely represented as $g=a_1\ldots a_k$, with $a_i\in A_i$. We prove the…

In the present work a new simple proof of the theorem of Gallagher about the average of the singular series in the Hardy-Littlewood prime k-tuple conjecture is proved (in an even stronger form) which is uniform with respect to k (if the…

Let $M$ be a cancellative commutative monoid and call a submonoid $S$ of $M$ an undermonoid if $\G(S)=\G(M)$ inside the Grothendieck group of $M$. Gotti and Li asked whether the finite factorization property is hereditary once it is known…

In this paper, we study a density version of the Waring-Goldbach problem. Suppose that A is a subset of the primes, and the lower density of A in the primes is larger than 1-1/2k. We prove that every sufficiently large natural number n…