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Primordial black holes (PBHs) are well-motivated candidates for cold dark matter and may also account for a fraction of the binary black hole mergers observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration. In this study, we investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-30 Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Aritra Basak , Maxim Khlopov , Maxim Krasnov

The early inspiral from stellar-mass binary black holes (sBBHs) can emit milli-Hertz gravitational wave signals, making them detectable sources for space-borne gravitational wave missions like TianQin. However, the traditional matched…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Xue-Ting Zhang , Natalia Korsakova , Man Leong Chan , Chris Messenger , Yi-Ming Hu

We compute the expected low-frequency gravitational wave signal from coalescing massive black hole (MBH) binaries at the center of galaxies. We follow the merging history of halos and associated holes via cosmological Monte Carlo…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Sesana , F. Haardt , P. Madau , M. Volonteri

Space-based gravitational-wave observatories will detect the early inspiral of stellar-mass binary black holes and can track their eccentricity evolution. However, untargeted searches in the space band are computationally demanding and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-01 Han Wang , Michael J. Williams , Ian Harry , Yi-Ming Hu

Binary Systems are the most studied sources of gravitational waves. The mechanisms of emission and the behavior of the orbital parameters are well known and can be written in analytic form in several cases. Besides, the strongest indication…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-24 E. F. D. Evangelista , J. C. N. de Araujo

The recent discovery of the gravitational wave source GW150914 has revealed a coalescing binary black hole (BBH) with masses of $\sim 30~M_\odot$. Previous proposals for the origin of such a massive binary include Population III (PopIII)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-27 Kohei Inayoshi , Kazumi Kashiyama , Eli Visbal , Zoltan Haiman

The problem of the detection and mapping of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), either of cosmological or astrophysical origin, bears a strong semblance to the analysis of CMB anisotropy and polarization. The basic statistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 Sanjit Mitra , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Tarun Souradeep , Albert Lazzarini , Vuk Mandic , Sukanta Bose , Stefan Ballmer

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the $12.5$-year pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. Our analysis finds strong evidence of a…

We present a refined estimation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on observed dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) together with AGN X-ray luminosity functions, in light of recent Pulsar Timing Array detections of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 Katsunori Kusakabe , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Daisuke Toyouchi

Using the cross-correlation data from the first three observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration, we search for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) from primordial black holes, arising from the superposition of compact binary…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-01 Tore Boybeyi , Sebastien Clesse , Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Mairi Sakellariadou

We investigate the prospects of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background from the primordial black hole (PBH) reheating epoch. If PBHs form during a non-standard cosmological phase prior to the radiation-dominated era, they…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-03 Debarun Paul , Md Riajul Haque , Supratik Pal

Massive stellar origin black hole binaries (SBHBs), originating from stars above the pair-instability mass gap, are primary candidates for multiband gravitational wave (GW) observations. Here we study the possibility to use them as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-16 Niccolò Muttoni , Alberto Mangiagli , Alberto Sesana , Danny Laghi , Walter Del Pozzo , David Izquierdo-Villalba , Mattia Rosati

The primordial stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) carries first-hand messages of early-universe physics, possibly including effects from inflation, preheating, cosmic strings, electroweak symmetry breaking, and etc. However,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-16 Zhen Pan , Huan Yang

The recent detection of the binary black hole merger GW150914 demonstrates the existence of black holes more massive than previously observed in X-ray binaries in our Galaxy. This article explores different scenarios of black hole formation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-03 Irina Dvorkin , Elisabeth Vangioni , Joseph Silk , Jean-Philippe Uzan , Keith A. Olive

The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently announced evidence for nHz gravitational waves (GWs), in the form of a Hellings-Downs angular correlation in the common-spectrum process that had been observed previously by them and other Pulsar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-15 John Ellis , Malcolm Fairbairn , Gert Hütsi , Juhan Raidal , Juan Urrutia , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by merging neutron stars exhibits a peak in the kHz band. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to exploit this distinctive feature through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-04 Giulia Capurri , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera , Carlo Baccigalupi

The dynamical formation channels of gravitational wave (GW) sources typically involve a stage when the compact object binary source interacts with the environment, which may excite its eccentricity, yielding efficient GW emission. For the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-28 Zeyuan Xuan , Smadar Naoz , Bence Kocsis , Erez Michaely

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can constitute the predominant fraction of dark matter (DM) if PBHs reside in the currently unconstrained "sublunar" mass range. PBHs originating from scalar perturbations generated during inflation can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-28 Sunao Sugiyama , Volodymyr Takhistov , Edoardo Vitagliano , Alexander Kusenko , Misao Sasaki , Masahiro Takada

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescence in galaxy mergers is believed to be one of the primary sources of very low frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Significant contribution of the GWs comes from mergers of massive galaxies with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Z. L. Wen , F. S. Liu , J. L. Han

The stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) recently discovered by several pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments is consistent with arising from a population of coalescing super-massive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The amplitude of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Ágnes Kis-Tóth , Zoltán Haiman , Zsolt Frei