Related papers: Simple loops on 2-bridge spheres in 2-bridge link …

In this paper and its two sequels, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in a 2-bridge link complement to be homotopic in the link complement. This paper treats the case when the…

We give a complete characterization of those essential simple loops on 2-bridge spheres of 2-bridge links which are null-homotopic in the link complements. By using this result, we describe all upper-meridian-pair-preserving epimorphisms…

This is the second of a series of papers which give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in a 2-bridge link complement to be homotopic in the link complement. The first paper of the series…

This is the last of a series of papers which give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in a 2-bridge link complement to be homotopic in the link complement. The first paper of the series…

In this paper and its prequel, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in an even Heckoid orbifold for a 2-bridge link to be homotopic in the orbifold. We also give a necessary and…

In this paper and its sequel, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in an even Heckoid orbifold for a 2-bridge link to be homotopic in the orbifold. We also give a necessary and…

Following Riley's work, for each 2-bridge link $K(r)$ of slope $r\in\QQ$ and an integer or a half-integer $n$ greater than 1, we introduce the {\it Heckoid orbifold $\orbs(r;n)$} and the {\it Heckoid group $\Hecke(r;n)=\pi_1(\orbs(r;n))$ of…

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an essential simple loop on a $2$-bridge sphere in an even Heckoid orbifold for the trivial knot to be null-homotopic, peripheral or torsion in the orbifold. We also give a…

We give a variation of McShane's identity, which describes the cusp shape of a hyperbolic 2-bridge link in terms of the complex translation lengths of simple loops on the bridge sphere. We also explicitly determine the set of end invariants…

We investigate great circle links in the three-sphere, the class of links where each component is a great circle. Using the geometry of their complements, we classify such links up to five components. For any two-bridge knot complement,…

A locally flatly embedded $2$-sphere in a compact $4$-manifold $X$ is called a spine if the inclusion map is a homotopy equivalence. A spine is called simple if the complement of the $2$-sphere has abelian fundamental group. We prove that…

Generically, the set of points along which two non-singular vector fields on the three-sphere are positively (resp. negatively) collinear form a link. We prove that the two vector fields are homotopic if and only if the linking number of…

We show that any number of disjointly embedded 2-spheres in 4-space can be pulled apart by a link homotopy, ie, by a motion in which the 2-spheres stay disjoint but are allowed to self-intersect.

In this paper, we characterize all links in the 3-sphere with bridge number at least three that have a bridge sphere of distance two. We show that a link L has a bridge sphere of distance at most two then it falls into at least one of three…

Any 2-bridge knot in the 3-sphere has a bridge sphere from which any other bridge surface can be obtained by stabilization, meridional stabilization, perturbation and proper isotopy.

We show that there exist split, orientable, 2-component surface-links in $S^4$ with non-isotopic splitting spheres in their complements. In particular, for non-negative integers $m,n$ with $m\ge 4$, the unlink $L_{m,n}$ consisting of one…

We investigate the question of when distinct branched surfaces in the complement of a 2-bridge knot support essential surfaces with identical boundary slopes. We determine all instances in which this occurs and identify an infinite family…

A $2$-matching complex is a simplicial complex which captures the relationship between $2$-matchings of a graph. In this paper, we will use discrete Morse Theory and the Matching Tree Algorithm to prove homotopical results. We will consider…

A theory of signatures for odd-dimensional links in rational homology spheres is studied via their generalized Seifert surfaces. The jump functions of signatures are shown invariant under appropriately generalized concordance and a special…

We prove a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a two-bridge knot K(p,q) to be quasipositive, based on the continued fraction expansion of p/q. As an application, coupled with some classification results in contact and symplectic…