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A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

Given a rigid realisation of a graph $G$ in ${\mathbb R}^2$, it is an open problem to determine the maximum number of pairwise non-congruent realisations which have the same edge lengths as the given realisation. This problem can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

It is well-known that the number of spanning trees, denoted by $\tau(G)$, in a connected multi-graph $G$ can be calculated by the Matrix-Tree theorem and Tutte's deletion-contraction theorem. In this short note, we find an alternate method…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Fengming Dong , Jun Ge , Zhangdong Ouyang

We introduce block-tree graphs as a framework for deriving efficient algorithms on graphical models. We define block-tree graphs as a tree-structured graph where each node is a cluster of nodes such that the clusters in the graph are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-11-16 Divyanshu Vats , Jose M. F. Moura

We give a proof for sharp estimate for the number of spanning trees using linear algebra and generalize this bound to multigraphs. In addition, we show that this bound is tight for complete graphs. In addition, we give estimates for number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-01 K. V. Chelpanov

We consider the number of spanning trees in circulant graphs of $\beta n$ vertices with generators depending linearly on $n$. The matrix tree theorem gives a closed formula of $\beta n$ factors, while we derive a formula of $\beta-1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-28 Justine Louis

The number of spanning trees of a graph $G$, denoted $\tau(G)$, is a well studied graph parameter with numerous connections to other areas of mathematics. In a recent remarkable paper, answering a question of Sedl\'a\v{c}ek from 1969, Chan,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Noga Alon , Matija Bucić , Lior Gishboliner

An identifying code of a closed-twin-free graph $G$ is a dominating set $S$ of vertices of $G$ such that any two vertices in $G$ have a distinct intersection between their closed neighborhoods and $S$. It was conjectured that there exists…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Dipayan Chakraborty , Florent Foucaud , Michael A. Henning , Tuomo Lehtilä

We present a general framework to generate trees every vertex of which has a non-negative weight and a color. The colors are used to impose certain restrictions on the weight and colors of other vertices. We first extend the enumeration…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Tınaz Ekim , Mordechai Shalom , Mehmet Aziz Yirik

Let $D$ be a connected weighted digraph. The relation between the vertex weighted complexity (with a fixed root) of the line digraph of $D$ and the edge weighted complexity (with a fixed root) of $D$ has been given in (L. Levine, Sandpile…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Xuemei Chen , Xian'an Jin , Weigen Yan

Recently, Zheng and Wu defined the concept of odd spanning tree of a graph, meaning a spanning tree in which every vertex has odd degree. Similar to Cayley's formula, Feng, Chen and Wu counted the number of odd spanning trees in complete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Jun Ge , Yamin Yu

Hypergraph width measures are a class of hypergraph invariants important in studying the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). We present a general exact exponential algorithm for a large variety of these measures. A…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-06-24 Lukas Moll , Siamak Tazari , Marc Thurley

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a loopless graph and $\mathcal{T}(G)$ be the set of all spanning trees of $G$. Let $L(G)$ be the line graph of the graph $G$ and $t(L(G))$ be the number of spanning trees of $L(G)$. Then, by using techniques from electrical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Helin Gong , Xian'an Jin

Spanning tree modulus is a generalization of effective resistance that is closely related to graph strength and fractional arboricity. The optimal edge density associated with spanning tree modulus is known to produce two hierarchical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Nathan Albin , Kapila Kottegoda , Pietro Poggi-Corradini

The weighted spanning tree enumerator of a graph $G$ with weighted edges is the sum of the products of edge weights over all the spanning trees in $G$. In the special case that all of the edge weights equal $1$, the weighted spanning tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Steven Klee , Matthew T. Stamps

For a connected graph, a vertex separator is a set of vertices whose removal creates at least two components. A vertex separator $S$ is minimal if it contains no other separator as a strict subset and a minimum vertex separator is a minimal…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Vandhana. C , S. Hima Bindhu , P. Renjith , N. Sadagopan , B. Supraja

Cayley's formula states that there are $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees in the complete graph on $n$ vertices; it has been proved in more than a dozen different ways over its 150 year history. The complete graphs are a special case of threshold…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Stephen R. Chestnut , Donniell E. Fishkind

We prove the following sharp estimate for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of its vertex-degrees: a simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices has at most $(1/n^{2}) \prod_{v \in V(G)} (d(v)+1)$ spanning trees. This result is tight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Steven Klee , Bhargav Narayanan , Lisa Sauermann

We prove that given a discrete space with $n$ points which is either embedded in a system of $k$ trees, or the Cartesian product of $k$ trees, we can compute all eccentricities in ${\cal O}(2^{{\cal O}(k\log{k})}(N+n)^{1+o(1)})$ time, where…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Guillaume Ducoffe

We prove two results that shed new light on the monotone complexity of the spanning tree polynomial, a classic polynomial in algebraic complexity and beyond. First, we show that the spanning tree polynomials having $n$ variables and defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Arkadev Chattopadhyay , Rajit Datta , Utsab Ghosal , Partha Mukhopadhyay