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The intricate interplay of structural, charge and spin orders in layered cuprates leads to emergent phenomena, most notably high-temperature superconductivity. However, there is growing awareness that both the structure and electronic…
Mechanism of unconventional superconductivity is still unknown even if more than 25 years have been passed since the discovery of high-Tc cuprate superconductors by J.G. Bednorz and K. A. Muller. Here, we explore the cuprate phase diagram…
The central puzzle of the cuprate superconductors at low hole density is the nature of the pseudogap regime. It has a number of seemingly distinct experimental signatures: a suppression of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility at high…
Studies of the electronic spectral function in cuprates by Angle-Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy reveal unusual features in the pseudogap phase that persist in the superconducting phase. We address here these observations based on the…
The pseudogap stands out in the phase diagram of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors because its origin and relationship to superconductivity remain elusive. The origin of the pseudogap has been debated, with competing hypotheses…
We present a model for the combined nematic and `smectic' or stripe-like orders seen in recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments in cuprates. We model the stripe order as an electronic charge density wave with associated…
The intrinsic metastable crystal structure of the cuprates results in local dynamical lattice instabilities, strongly coupled to the density fluctuations of the charge carriers. They acquire in this way simultaneously both, delocalized and…
The structural control of silicon nanocrystals is an important technological problem. Typically a distribution of nanocrystal sizes and shapes emerges under the uncontrolled aggregation of smaller clusters. The aim of this computational…
Spontaneous phase separation instabilities with the formation of various types of charge and spin pairing (pseudo)gaps in $U>0$ Hubbard model including the {\it next nearest neighbor coupling} are calculated with the emphasis on the…
One of the most puzzling features of high-temperature cuprate superconductors is the pseudogap state, which appears above the temperature at which superconductivity is destroyed. There remain fundamental questions regarding its nature and…
One type of order that has been observed to compete with superconductivity in cuprates involves alternating charge and antiferromagnetic stripes. Recent neutron scattering studies indicate that the magnetic excitation spectrum of a…
This review describes the main experimental facts and a number of theoretical models concerning the pseudogap state in high - temperature superconductors. On the phase diagram of HTSC - cuprates the pseudogap state is observed in the region…
Although the microscopic origin of the superconductivity in high Tc copper oxides remains the subject of active inquiry, several of their electronic characteristics are well established as universal to all the known materials, forming the…
Recent experiments indicate that the excitation spectrum of the cuprates is characterised, in the superconducting state, by two energy scales: the ``coherence energy'' \Delta_c and the ``pseudogap'' \Delta_p. Here we consider a simple…
The existence of the mysterious pseudo-gap state in the phase diagram of copper oxide superconductors and its interplay with unconventional {\it d-wave} superconductivity has been a long standing issue for more than a decade. There is now a…
Quantum cluster theories are a set of approaches for the theory of correlated and disordered lattice systems, which treat correlations within the cluster explicitly, and correlations at longer length scales either perturbatively or within a…
Cuprate high-temperature superconductors are known to have a normal-state pseudogap but, after many years of intense research, its relation to the superconductivity is still a mystery. Similarly, the in-plane Hall coefficient $R_{\rm H}$…
Recent studies establish that the cuprate pseudogap phase is susceptible at low temperatures to forming not only a $d$-symmetry superconducting (SC) state, but also a $d$-symmetry form factor (dFF) density wave (DW) state. The concurrent…
We review the contribution of infrared spectroscopy to the study of the pseudogap in high temperature superconductors. The pseudogap appears as a depression of the frequency dependent conductivity in the c-axis direction and seems to be…
In the hole-doped cuprates, the pseudogap refers to a suppression of the density of states at low energies, in the absence of superconducting long-range order. Numerous calculations of the Hubbard model show a pseudogap in the…