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Inside the metals, semiconductors, and magnets of our everyday experience, electrons are uniformly distributed throughout the material. By contrast, electrons often form clumpy patterns inside of strongly correlated electronic systems…
Central to the enigma of the cuprates is ubiquitous electronic inhomogeneity arising from a variety of electronic orders that coexist with superconductivity, the individual signatures of which have been impossible to disentangle despite…
A complicating factor in unraveling the theory of high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity is the presence of a "pseudogap" in the density of states, whose origin has been debated since its discovery [1]. Some believe the pseudogap is a…
The nature of the pseudogap and its relationship with superconductivity are one of the central issues of cuprate superconductors. Recently, a possible scenario has been proposed that the pseudogap state is a distinct phase characterized by…
During the last decade, translational and rotational symmetry-breaking phases -- density wave order and electronic nematicity -- have been established as generic and distinct features of many correlated electron systems, including pnictide…
Experimental studies of the pairing state of cuprate superconductors reveal asymmetric behaviors of the hole-doped (p-type) and electron-doped (n-type) cuprates. The pairing symmetry, pseudogap phenomenon, low-energy spin excitations and…
Electronic nematic phases have been proposed to occur in various correlated electron systems and were recently claimed to have been detected in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) conductance maps of the pseudogap states of the cuprate…
The pseudogap phenomenology is one of the enigmas of the physics of high-Tc superconductors. Many members of the cuprate family have now been characterized with high resolution in both real and momentum space, which revealed highly…
Understanding the extent and role of inhomogeneity is a pivotal challenge in the physics of cuprate superconductors. While it is known that structural and electronic inhomogeneity is prevalent in the cuprates, it has proven difficult to…
Electronic nematicity is the spontaneous loss of rotational symmetry in a metal, without breaking translational symmetry. In the cuprate superconductors, there is experimental evidence for nematicity, but its origin remains unclear. Here we…
One of the main challenges in understanding high TC superconductivity is to disentangle the rich variety of states of matter that may coexist, cooperate, or compete with d-wave superconductivity. At center stage is the pseudogap phase,…
Electrons, when scattered by static random disorder, form standing waves that can be imaged using scanning tunneling microscopy. Such interference patterns, observable by the recently developed technique of Fourier transform scanning…
This article will give an overview on both theoretical and experimental developments concerning states with lattice symmetry breaking in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Recent experiments have provided evidence for states with…
The details of the pseudogap origin and other gap related properties discussed earlier for cuprates, in the framework of the paired cluster (PC) model, using three dimensional (3D) electronic density of states (DOS), are shown to remain…
Recent experimental and theoretical developments in high-temperature superconductivity are reviewed, and the empirically asymmetric behavior between hole-doped and electron-doped cuprates is contrasted. A number of phenomena previously…
In the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors the pseudogap phase becomes predominant when the density of doped holes is reduced1. Within this phase it has been unclear which electronic symmetries (if any) are broken, what…
Superconductivity is a quantum phenomenon caused by bound pairs of electrons. In diverse families of strongly correlated electron systems, the electron pairs are not bound together by phonon exchange but instead by some other kind of…
Strongly interacting electrons can exhibit novel collective phases, among which the electronic nematic phases are perhaps the most surprising as they spontaneously break rotational symmetry of the underlying crystal lattice. The electron…
Unveiling the nature of the pseudogap and its relation to both superconductivity and antiferromagnetic Mott insulators, the pairing mechanism, and a non-Fermi liquid phase is a key issue for understanding high temperature superconductivity…
The origin of the exceptionally strong superconductivity of cuprates remains a subject of debate after more than two decades of investigation. Here we follow a new lead: The onset temperature for superconductivity scales with the strength…