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In the paper, we introduce the notion of a (virtual) multi-switch which generalizes the notion of a (virtual) switch. Using (virtual) multi-switches we introduce a general approach on how to construct representations of (virtual) braid…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Valeriy Bardakov , Timur Nasybullov

We study categories whose objects are the braid representations, i.e. strict monoidal functors $F\colon B\rightarrow Mat$ from the braid category $B$ to the category of matrices $Mat$. Braid representations are equivalent to solutions to…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-09-24 P. P. Martin , E. C. Rowell , F. Torzewska

We investigate the resonance varieties, lower central series ranks, and Chen ranks of the pure virtual braid groups and their upper-triangular subgroups. As an application, we give a complete answer to the 1-formality question for this…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Alexander I. Suciu , He Wang

In this paper, we define the notion of a virtually symmetric representation of representations of virtual braid groups and prove that many known representations are equivalent to virtually symmetric. Using one such representation, we define…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Valeriy G. Bardakov , Mikhail V. Neshchadim , Manpreet Singh

Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-02-22 V. V. Vershinin

Let $n\ge 2$. Let $VB_n$ (resp. $VP_n$) be the virtual braid group (resp. the pure virtual braid group), and let $VT_n$ (resp. $PVT_n$) be the virtual twin group (resp. the pure virtual twin group). Let $\Pi$ be one of the following…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Oscar Ocampo , Paulo Cesar Cerqueira dos Santos Júnior

For non-abelian simple objects in a unitary modular category, the density of their braid group representations, the #P-hard evaluation of their associated link invariants, and the BQP-completeness of their anyonic quantum computing models…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-06-15 Matthew B. Hastings , Chetan Nayak , Zhenghan Wang

In this paper we prove a Markov Theorem for virtual braids and for some analogs of this structure. The virtual braid group is the natural companion in the category of virtual knots, just as the Artin braid group is the natural companion to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Louis H. Kauffman , Sofia Lambropoulou

We investigate the braid group representations arising from categories of representations of twisted quantum doubles of finite groups. For these categories, we show that the resulting braid group representations always factor through finite…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2008-04-16 Pavel Etingof , Eric C. Rowell , Sarah Witherspoon

The virtual braid groups are generalizations of the classical braid groups. This paper gives an elementary proof that the classical braid group injects into the virtual braid group over the same number of strands.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Robin Gaudreau

We consider the group of unrestricted virtual braids, describe its structure and explore its relations with fused links. Also, we define the groups of flat virtual braids and virtual Gauss braids and study some of their properties, in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-04 Valeriy Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri , Celeste Damiani

We introduce in this paper the generalized virtual braid group on n strands GVB_n, generalizing simultaneously the braid groups and their virtual versions. A Mastumoto-Tits type section lifting shuffles in a symmetric group S_n to the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Xin Fang

A near-group category is an additively semisimple category with a product such that all but one of the simple objects is invertible. We classify braided structures on near-group categories, and give explicit numerical formulas for their…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jacob A. Siehler

Loop braid groups characterize the exchange of extended objects, namely loops, in three dimensional space generalizing the notion of braid groups that describe the exchange of point particles in two dimensional space. Their interest in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Pramod Padmanabhan , Abhishek Chowdhury

Two virtual link diagrams are homotopic if one may be transformed into the other by a sequence of virtual Reidemeister moves, classical Reidemeister moves, and self crossing changes. We recall the pure virtual braid group. We then describe…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-08-21 H. A. Dye

This article is dedicate to cabling on virtual braids. This construction gives a new generating set for the virtual pure braid group $VP_n$. Consequently we describe $VP_4$ as HNN-extension. As an application to classical braids, we find a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Valeriy G. Bardakov , Jie Wu

A unitary operator that satisfies the constant Yang-Baxter equation immediately yields a unitary representation of the braid group B n for every $n \ge 2$. If we view such an operator as a quantum-computational gate, then topological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Gorjan Alagic , Aniruddha Bapat , Stephen Jordan

Braid groups are an important and flexible tool used in several areas of science, such as Knot Theory (Alexander's theorem), Mathematical Physics (Yang-Baxter's equation) and Algebraic Geometry (monodromy invariants). In this note we will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-10 Francesco Polizzi

A braided monoidal category may be considered a $3$-category with one object and one $1$-morphism. In this paper, we show that, more generally, $3$-categories with one object and $1$-morphisms given by elements of a group $G$ correspond to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Corey Jones , David Penneys , David Reutter

Following the theory of principal $\infty$-bundles of Niklaus-Schreiber-Steveson, we develop a homotopy categorification of Hopf algebras, which model quantum groups. We study their higher-representation theory in the setting of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Hank Chen , Florian Girelli