Related papers: What is typical?

We reformulate slightly Russell's notion of typicality, so as to eliminate its circularity and make it applicable to elements of any first-order structure. We argue that the notion parallels Martin-L\"{o}f (ML) randomness, in the sense that…

Classical probability theory supports probability measures, assigning a fixed positive real value to each event, these measures are far from satisfactory in formulating real-life occurrences. The main innovation of this paper is the…

We consider a random tree and introduce a metric in the space of trees to define the ``mean tree'' as the tree minimizing the average distance to the random tree. When the resulting metric space is compact we have laws of large numbers and…

If the state of a quantum system is sampled out of a suitable ensemble, the measurement of some observables will yield (almost) always the same result. This leads us to the notion of quantum typicality: for some quantities the initial…

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of localization, which comes from homotopy theory, in the context of finite simple groups. We give an easy criterion for a finite simple group to be a localization of some simple subgroup…

Discrete stability extends the classical notion of stability to random elements in discrete spaces by defining a scaling operation in a randomised way: an integer is transformed into the corresponding binomial distribution. Similarly…

Organising the relevant literature and by letting statistical convergence play the main role in the theory of compactness, a variant of compactness called statistical compactness has been achieved. As in case of sequential compactness, one…

We introduce and study invariant (weighted) transport-kernels balancing stationary random measures on a locally compact Abelian group. The first main result is an associated fundamental invariance property of Palm measures, derived from a…

A causal set is a partially ordered set on a countably infinite ground-set such that each element is above finitely many others. A natural extension of a causal set is an enumeration of its elements which respects the order. We bring…

In a convolution semigroup over a locally compact group, measurability of the translation by a fixed element implies continuity. In other words, the measurable centre coincides with the topological centre.

The problem of time-series clustering is considered in the case where each data-point is a sample generated by a piecewise stationary ergodic process. Stationary processes are perhaps the most general class of processes considered in…

Identifying when observed statistics cannot be explained by any reasonable classical model is a central problem in quantum foundations. A principled and universally applicable approach to defining and identifying nonclassicality is given by…

We show that modularity, a quantity introduced in the study of networked systems, can be generalized and used in the clustering problem as an indicator for the quality of the solution. The introduction of this measure arises very naturally…

A theory of structure is formulated for systems of many structureless classical particles with stable local interactions in Euclidean space. Such systems are shown to have their structure in thermodynamic equilibrium determined exactly by a…

We consider a stationary random field indexed by an increasing sequence of subsets of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ obeying a very broad geometrical assumption on how the sequence expands. Under certain mixing and local conditions, we show how the tail…

Hartle and Srednicki have suggested that standard quantum theory does not favor our typicality. Here an alternative version is proposed in which typicality is likely, Eventual Quantum Mechanics. This version allows one to calculate…

The conventional definition of a topological metric over a space specifies properties that must be obeyed by any measure of "how separated" two points in that space are. Here it is shown how to extend that definition, and in particular the…

In the article Categorical Construction of Schemes, arXiv:2511.03433 we gave a natural definition of ordinary schemes based on the fact that the localization of a ring in a maximal ideal is a local representation of the corresponding…

We discuss the problem of finding an analogue of the concept of a topological space in supergeometry, motivated by a search for a procedure to compactify a supermanifold along odd coordinates. In particular, we examine the topologies…

Locality is a fundamental principle used extensively in program and system optimization. It can be measured in many ways. This paper formalizes the metrics of locality into a measurement theory. The new theory includes the precise…