Related papers: On the thermalization achieved in heavy-ion collis…
The dynamics of heavy-ion reactions at Fermi energies is dominated by a dissipative mechanism modified by the concurrent emission of non-statistical nucleons, light particles, and nuclear clusters. Experimental observables are available to…
Isospin e ffects on multifragmentation properties were studied thanks to nuclear collisions between di fferent isotopes of xenon beams and tin targets. It is shown that, in central collisions leading to multifragmentation, the mean number…
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the laboratory provide a unique chance to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme temperature (${\approx}150\,\mathrm{MeV}$) and density (${\approx}1\,\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{fm}^3$)…
This review is devoted to the problem of thermalization in a small isolated conglomerate of interacting constituents. A variety of physically important systems of intensive current interest belong to this category: complex atoms, molecules…
Today's accelerator facilities used for studies of relativistic heavy-ion collisions cover an energy range spanning over three orders of magnitude, from a few GeV up to a few TeV in center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$).…
The detailed analysis of wide excitation function of nuclear stopping has been studied within a transport model, Isospin-dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (IQMD) and an overall good agreement with the INDRA and FOPI experimental…
I review our current understanding of the processes driving the thermalization and isotropization of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs). I begin by discussing the phenomenological…
High-energy heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of the hot and dense strongly-interacting system composed of deconfined quarks and gluons -- the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) -- in laboratory conditions. The…
We address the role of fluctuations in strongly interacting matter during the dense stages of a heavy-ion collision through its electromagnetic emission. Fluctuations of isospin charge are considered in a thermal system at rest as well as…
We present an introductory review of the early time dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions and the kinetics of high temperature QCD. The equilibration mechanisms in the quark-gluon plasma uniquely reflect the non-abelian and…
The first experimental results of a new quantum method for calculating nuclear temperature and density of fragmenting heavy ions is presented. This method is based on fluctuations in the event quadrupole momentum and fragment multiplicity…
In ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, the matter formed shortly after the collision is a dense, out of equilibrium, system of gluons characterized by a semi-hard momentum scale $Q_{\rm s}$. Simple power counting arguments indicate…
We discuss the onset of the thermalization process in high-energy heavy-ion collisions from a weak coupling perspective, using classical-statistical real-time lattice simulations as a first principles tool to study the pre-equilibrium…
Experimental information on fragment emissions is important in understanding the dynamics of nuclear collisions and in the development of transport model simulating heavy-ion collisions. The composition of complex fragments emitted in the…
Rise-Plateau Caloric curves for different Heavy Ion collisions have been obtained, in the range of experimental observations. Limit temperature decreases when the residual size is increased, in agreement with recent theoretical analysis of…
Thermal ionization is a critical process at temperatures T > 10 3 K, particularly during star formation. An increase in ionization leads to a decrease in nonideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) resistivities, which has a significant impact on…
The kinematical characteristics of fragments and light particles observed in central highly fragmented nuclear collisions at intermediate energies are compared with the results of a model assuming that the initial momentum distribution of…
Two-particle femtoscopy reveals the space-time substructure of the freeze-out configuration from heavy ion collisions. Detailed fingerprints of bulk collectivity are evident in space-momentum correlations, which have been systematically…
AdS/CFT correspondence is now widely used for study of strongly coupled plasmas, such as produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. While properties of equilibrated plasma and small deviations from equilibrium are by now…
Results of a systematic study of fully integrated particle multiplicities in central Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at beam momenta 1.7 A GeV, 11.6 A GeV (Au-Au) and 158 A GeV (Pb-Pb) using a statistical-thermal model are presented. The close…