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We discuss and analyze the properties of Casimir forces acting between nonreciprocal objects in thermal equilibrium. By starting from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and splitting the force into those arising from individual sources, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky , Noah Graham , Mehran Kardar , Matthias Krüger

Correlations in fluids in nonequilibrium steady states are long ranged. Hence, finite-size effects have important consequences in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fluids. One consequence is that nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-05 T. R. Kirkpatrick , J. M. Ortiz de Zárate , J. V. Sengers

Dispersion forces between neutral material bodies are due to fluctuations of the polarization of the bodies. For bodies in equilibrium these forces are often referred to as Casimir-Lifshitz forces. For bodies in relative motion, in addition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Iver Brevik , Boris Shapiro , Mário Silveirinha

Our recent theoretical developments related to the nonrelativistic and relativistic fluctuation-electromagnetic interactions of bodies with different temperatures moving translationally and (or) rotationally relative to each other are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-02-11 George Dedkov , Arthur Kyasov

Quantum and thermal fluctuations of electromagnetic waves are the cornerstone of quantum and statistical physics, and inherent to such phenomena as thermal radiation and van der Waals forces. While the basic principles are the material of…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-24 G. Bimonte , T. Emig , M. Kardar , M. Krüger

We study the energy shift and the Casimir-Polder force of an atom out of thermal equilibrium near the surface of a dielectric substrate. We first generalize, adopting the local source hypothesis, the formalism proposed by Dalibard,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 Wenting Zhou , Hongwei Yu

This paper presents the results of calculating Casimir-Lifshitz friction force and heating rate of a small metal particle moving above a metal surface (thick plate) in the case of their different local temperatures. The case of normal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 G. V. Dedkov

In the present work we propose a method to determine fluctuation induced forces in non equilibrium systems. These forces are the analogue of the well known Casimir forces, which were originally introduced in Quantum Field theory and later…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Brito , U. Marini Bettolo Marconi , R. Soto

We study the spatial fluctuations of the Casimir-Polder force experienced by an atom or a small sphere moved above a metallic plate at fixed separation distance. We demonstrate that unlike the mean force, the magnitude of these fluctuations…

The notion of fluctuation-induced forces is generalized to the cases where the fluctuations have nonequilibrium origin. It is shown that a net force is exerted on a single flat plate that restricts scale-free fluctuations of a scalar field…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Ali Najafi , Ramin Golestanian

We study the Casimir-Lifshitz interaction out of thermal equilibrium, with particular attention devoted to the surface-surface and surface-atom configurations. A systematic investigation of the contributions to the force coming from the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-02-06 Mauro Antezza , Lev P. Pitaevskii , Sandro Stringari , Vitaly B. Svetovoy

We give a comprehensive presentation of methods for calculating the Casimir force to arbitrary accuracy, for any number of objects, arbitrary shapes, susceptibility functions, and separations. The technique is applicable to objects immersed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-23 Sahand Jamal Rahi , Thorsten Emig , Noah Graham , Robert L. Jaffe , Mehran Kardar

In this work we analyze the incidence of the plates' thickness on the Casimir force and radiative heat transfer for a configuration of parallel plates in a non-equilibrium scenario, relating to Lifshitz's and Landauer's formulas. From a…

The Casimir force provides a striking example of the effects of quantum fluctuations in a mesoscopic system. Because it arises from the objects' electromagnetic response, the necessary calculations in quantum field theory are most naturally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Giuseppe Bimonte , Thorsten Emig , Noah Graham , Mehran Kardar

We show that the extension of Casimir-like forces to fluctuating fluids driven out of equilibrium can exhibit two interrelated phenomena forbidden at equilibrium: self-forces can be induced on single asymmetric objects and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-12 P. R. Buenzli , R. Soto

Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in the medium surrounding two discharged macroscopic polarizable bodies induce a force between the two bodies, the so called Casimir force. In the last two decades many experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Giuseppe Bimonte

The geometry dependence of Casimir forces is significantly more pronounced in the presence of thermal fluctuations due to a generic geometry-temperature interplay. We show that the thermal force for standard sphere-plate or cylinder-plate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 Alexej Weber , Holger Gies

In recent times the possibility of non-reciprocity in heat transfer between two bodies has been extensively studied. In particular the role of strong magnetic fields has been investigated. A much simpler approach with considerable…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 S. -A. Biehs , G. S. Agarwal

In this Letter we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally conducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a one-component liquid non-equilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the liquid layer…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-07-27 T. R. Kirkpatrick , J. M. Ortiz de Zárate , J. V. Sengers

For more than 35 years theorists have studied quantum or Casimir friction, which occurs when two smooth bodies move transversely to each other, experiencing a frictional dissipative force due to quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 K. A. Milton , J. S. Høye , I. Brevik