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We introduce new topological quantum invariants of compact oriented 3-manifolds with boundary where the boundary is a disjoint union of two identical surfaces. The invariants are constructed via surgery on manifolds of the form $F \times I$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Louis H. Kauffman , Eiji Ogasa

We define an invariant of welded virtual knots from each finite crossed module by considering crossed module invariants of ribbon knotted surfaces which are naturally associated with them. We elucidate that the invariants obtained are non…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Louis H. Kauffman , João Faria Martins

The core group is an invariant of unoriented virtual links. We introduce a peripheral structure for the core group, in which the longitudes are sensitive to orientations. We show that the combination of the core group and its peripheral…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Daniel S. Silver , Lorenzo Traldi

We define a type of Niebrzydowski tribracket we call $\Delta$-tribrackets and show that their counting invariants are invariants of link-homotopy. We further identify several classes of tribrackets whose counting invariants for oriented…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Eric Chavez , Sam Nelson

We extend the rack algebra Z[X] defined by Andruskiewitsch and Grana to the case of biracks, enabling a notion of birack modules. We use these birack modules to define an enhancement of the birack counting invariant generalizing the birack…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-12-14 Regina Bauernschmidt , Sam Nelson

We generalise the finite biquandle colouring invariant to a polynomial invariant based on labelling a knot diagram with a finite birack that reduces to the biquandle colouring invariant in that case. The polynomial is an invariant of a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Andrew Bartholomew , Roger Fenn , Louis Kauffman

We introduce an associative algebra Z[X,S] associated to a birack shadow and define enhancements of the birack counting invariant for classical knots and links via representations of Z[X,S] known as shadow modules. We provide examples which…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-06-03 Sam Nelson , Katie Pelland

We study Coxeter racks over $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and the knot and link invariants they define. We exploit the module structure of these racks to enhance the rack counting invariants and give examples showing that these enhanced invariants are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-08-13 Sam Nelson , Ryan Wieghard

In 2002, D. Hrencecin and L.H. Kauffman defined a filamentation invariant on oriented chord diagrams that may determine whether the corresponding flat virtual knot diagrams are non-trivial. A virtual knot diagram is non-classical if its…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 William J. Schellhorn

Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Igor Nikonov

We generalize unoriented handlebody-links to the twisted virtual case, obtaining Reidemeister moves for handlebody-links in ambient spaces of the form $\Sigma\times [0,1]$ for $\Sigma$ a compact closed 2-manifold up to stable equivalence.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Sam Nelson , Yuqi Zhao

We incorporate quandle cocycle information into the quandle coloring quivers we defined in arXiv:1807.10465 to define weighted directed graph-valued invariants of oriented links we call \textit{quandle cocycle quivers}. This construction…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-04-22 Karina Cho , Sam Nelson

The $\Xi$-move is a local move generated by forbidden moves in virtual knot theory. This move was introduced by Taniguchi and the second author, who showed that it characterizes the odd writhe of virtual knots, which is a fundamental…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Shin Satoh , Kodai Wada

Let $\phi : S^1\times D^2\to S^1$ be the natural projection. An oriented knot $K\hookrightarrow V = S^1\times D^2$ is called an almost closed braid if the restriction of $\phi$ to K has exactly two (non-degenerate) critical points (and K is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas Fiedler

A biquandle is a solution to the set-theoretical Yang-Baxter equation, which yields invariants for virtual knots such as the coloring number and the state-sum invariant. A virtual biquandle enriches the structure of a biquandle by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Mohamed Elhamdadi , Manpreet Singh

We generalize the notion of the quandle polynomial to the case of singquandles. We show that the singquandle polynomial is an invariant of finite singquandles. We also construct a singular link invariant from the singquandle polynomial and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-21 Jose Ceniceros , Indu R. Churchill , Mohamed Elhamdadi

We introduce the notion of mc-biquandles, algebraic structures which have possibly distinct biquandle operations at single-component and multi-component crossings. These structures provide computable homset invariants for classical and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Seonmi Choi , Sam Nelson

Non-classical virtual knots may have non-isomorphic upper and lower quandles. We exploit this property to define the quandle difference invariant, which can detect non-classicality by comparing the numbers of homomorphisms into a finite…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Natasha Harrell , Sam Nelson

This paper studies rotational virtual knot theory and its relationship with quantum link invariants. Every quantum link invariant for classical knots and links extends to an invariant of rotational virtual knots and links. The paper sets up…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-08 Louis H. Kauffman

We study the quandle counting invariant for a certain family of finite quandles with trivial orbit subquandles. We show how these invariants determine the linking number of classical two-component links up to sign.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-08-13 Natasha Harrell , Sam Nelson