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In this paper, the energy budgets of two single-loop like flares observed in X- ray are analysed under the assumption that non-thermal electrons (NTEs) are the only source of plasma heating during all phases of both events. The flares were…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-19 R. Falewicz

Solar flares are highly energetic events that happen in the solar atmosphere. They are mostly observed as X-ray or gamma-ray bursts located on the Sun's surface. While they are known to be sites of particle acceleration, the acceleration…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-25 Jonathan Mauro , Gwenhaël de Wasseige

The excess temperature of the solar corona over the photosphere poses a challenge. Multiple energetic events contribute to maintaining the corona at such high temperatures. The energy released in different events can vary across several…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-21 Abhishek Rajhans

Solar flares show remarkable variety of the energy partitioning between thermal and nonthermal components. Those with a prominent nonthermal component but only a modest thermal one are particularly well suited to study the direct effect of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-26 Galina G. Motorina , Gregory D. Fleishman , Eduard P. Kontar

Solar flares result from the sudden release of energy deposited by sub-photospheric motions into the magnetic field of the corona. The deposited energy accumulates secularly between events. One may interpret the observed event statistics as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-17 Julian B. Carlin , Andrew Melatos , Michael S. Wheatland

This review surveys the statistics of solar X-ray flares, emphasising the new views that RHESSI has given us of the weaker events (the microflares). The new data reveal that these microflares strongly resemble more energetic events in most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-01 I. G. Hannah , H. S. Hudson , M. Battaglia , S. Christe , J. Kasparova , S. Krucker , M. R. Kundu , A. Veronig

X-ray and EUV observations are an important diagnostic of various plasma parameters of the solar atmosphere during solar flares. Soft X-ray and EUV observations often show coronal sources near the top of flaring loops, while hard X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Marina Battaglia , Eduard P. Kontar

Solar flares represent one of the most intense forms of solar activity. Understanding the evolution of physical parameters in the solar atmosphere during flares is key to studying flare mechanisms and improving prediction capabilities.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 W. Xu , Q. Hao , Z. Zheng , J. Hong , J. Hu , Y. Qiu , C. Li , M. D. Ding , C. Fang

X-ray observations of solar flares routinely reveal an impulsive high-energy and a gradual low-energy emission component, whose relationship is one of the key issues of solar flare study. The gradual and impulsive emission components are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Jingnan Guo , Siming Liu , Lyndsay Fletcher , Eduard P. Kontar

Context: The common flare scenario comprises an acceleration site in the corona and particle transport to the chromosphere. Using satellites available to date it has become possible to distinguish between the two processes of acceleration…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-19 Marina Battaglia , Arnold O. Benz

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections are interrelated phenomena that together are known as solar eruptive events. These are the main drivers of space weather and understanding their origins is a primary goal of Heliophysics. In this…

The question of whether flares occur as a Poisson process has important consequences for flare physics. Recently Lepreti et al. presented evidence for local departure from Poisson statistics in the Geostationary Operational Environmental…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. S. Wheatland

The emphasis of observational and theoretical flare studies in the last decade or two has been on the flare corona, and attention has shifted substantially away from the flare's chromospheric aspects. However, although the pre-flare energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-06 Lyndsay Fletcher

We examine SDO/EVE data to better understand solar flare irradiance, and how that irradiance may vary for large events. We measure scaling laws relating GOES flare classes to irradiance in 21 lines measured with SDO/EVE, formed across a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Jeffrey W. Reep , David E. Siskind , Harry P. Warren

Introducing thresholds to analyze time series of emission from the Sun enables a new and simple definition of solar flare events, and their interoccurrence times. Rescaling time by the rate of events, the waiting and quiet time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marco Baiesi , Maya Paczuski , Attilio L. Stella

We present a statistical analysis of properties of Soft X-Ray (SXR) emission, plasma temperature (T), and emission measure (EM), derived from GOES observations of flares in 2002-2017. The temperature and emission measures are obtained using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-27 Viacheslav M Sadykov , Alexander G Kosovichev , Irina N Kitiashvili , Alexander Frolov

This paper is an attempt to understand the physical processes occurring in different layers of solar atmosphere during a solar flare. For a complete understanding of the flare we must analyze multi-wavelength datasets, as emission at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Shirsh Lata Soni , Radhe Shyam Gupta , Adya Prasad Mishra

During a solar flare, it is believed that reconnection takes place in the corona followed by fast energy transport to the chromosphere. The resulting intense heating strongly disturbs the chromospheric structure, and induces complex…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-30 Christopher M. J. Osborne , John A. Armstrong , Lyndsay Fletcher

The 'standard solar' flare model collects all physical ingredients identified by multi-wavelength observations of our Sun: magnetic reconnection, fast particle acceleration and the resulting emission at various wavelengths, especially in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Wenzhi Ruan , Chun Xia , Rony Keppens

Solar flares, as one of the most prominent manifestations of solar activity, have a profound impact on both the Earth's space environment and human activities. As a result, accurate solar flare prediction has emerged as a central topic in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mingfu Shao , Suo Liu , Haiqing Xu , Peng Jia , Hui Wang , Liyue Tong , Yang Bai , Chen Yang , Yuyang Li , Nan Li , Jiaben Lin