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We introduce and study a novel semi-random multigraph process, described as follows. The process starts with an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In every round of the process, one vertex $v$ of the graph is picked uniformly at random and…

A subset of the vertex set of a graph is geodetically convex if it contains every vertex on any shortest path between two elements of the set. The convex hull of a set of vertices is the smallest convex set containing the set. We study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Bret J. Benesh , Dana C. Ernst , Marie Meyer , Sarah Salmon , Nandor Sieben

We analyze Solo Chess puzzles, where the input is an $n \times n$ board containing some standard Chess pieces of the same color, and the goal is to make a sequence of capture moves to reduce down to a single piece. Prior work analyzes this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Josh Brunner , Lily Chung , Michael Coulombe , Erik D. Demaine , Timothy Gomez , Jayson Lynch

We study the evolution of graphs densifying by adding edges: Two vertices are chosen randomly, and an edge is (i) established if each vertex belongs to a tree; (ii) established with probability $p$ if only one vertex belongs to a tree;…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-10 P. L. Krapivsky

We introduce the game of Cat Herding, where an omnipresent herder slowly cuts down a graph until an evasive cat player has nowhere to go. The number of cuts made is the score of a game, and we study the score under optimal play. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Rylo Ashmore , Danny Dyer , Trent Marbach , Rebecca Milley

We consider "surrounding" versions of the classic Cops and Robber game. The game is played on a connected graph in which two players, one controlling a number of cops and the other controlling a robber, take alternating turns. In a turn,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Paul Jungeblut , Samuel Schneider , Torsten Ueckerdt

We study chip-firing games on multigraphs whose underlying simple graphs are trees, paths, and stars, denoted as banana trees, paths, and stars respectively. We present a polynomial time algorithm to compute the divisorial gonality of…

The optimal value computation for turned-based stochastic games with reachability objectives, also known as simple stochastic games, is one of the few problems in $NP \cap coNP$ which are not known to be in $P$. However, there are some…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-10 David Auger , Pierre COUCHENEY , Yann Strozecki

The semi-random hypergraph process is a natural generalisation of the semi-random graph process, which can be thought of as a one player game. For fixed $r < s$, starting with an empty hypergraph on $n$ vertices, in each round a set of $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Natalie Behague , Pawel Pralat , Andrzej Rucinski

In this paper we will be introducing a type of game which as far as this author is aware has never been studied before. These are games where there are two players, one who is trying to get one of his pieces, called a King to a predefined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-07 Fraser Stewart

The game of Cops and Robber is a pursuit-evasion game which is usually played on a connected graph. In the game, a set of cops and a robber move around the vertices of a graph along edges, where the cops aim to capture the robber, while the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Pinkaew Siriwong , Ratinan Boonklurb , Henry Liu , Sirirat Singhun

Cops and Robber is a family of two-player games played on graphs in which one player controls a number of cops and the other player controls a robber. In alternating turns, each player moves (all) their figures. The cops try to capture the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-11 Minh Tuan Ha , Paul Jungeblut , Torsten Ueckerdt , Paweł Żyliński

The 'Cheating Robot' version of Cops and Robbers is played on a finite, simple, connected graph. The players move in the same time period. However, before moving, the robot observes to which vertices the cops are moving and it is fast…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-12 Melissa A. Huggan , Richard J. Nowakowski

Temporal graphs are a popular modelling mechanism for dynamic complex systems that extend ordinary graphs with discrete time. Simply put, time progresses one unit per step and the availability of edges can change with time. We consider the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Pete Austin , Sougata Bose , Patrick Totzke

We consider zero-sum games in which players move between adjacent states, where in each pair of adjacent states one state dominates the other. The states in our game can represent positional advantages in physical conflict such as high…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Farid Arthaud , Edan Orzech , Martin Rinard

Chopsticks is a game played by two players where they start with one finger raised on each hand. On their turn, each player moves by pointing an attacking hand at one of their opponent's hands. The number of fingers on the pointed hand…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Antoine Dailly , Valentin Gledel , Richard J. Nowakowski , Carlos Pereira dos Santos

Arc-Kayles is a game where two players alternate removing two adjacent vertices until no move is left, the winner being the player who played the last move. Introduced in 1978, its computational complexity is still open. More recently,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Kyle Burke , Antoine Dailly , Nacim Oijid

We enumerate graph homomorphisms to quasi-complete graphs, i.e., graphs obtained from complete graphs by removing one edge. The source graphs are complete graphs, quasi-complete graphs, cycles, paths, wheels and broken wheels. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-26 Pedro Lopes

In this paper, we study the average case complexity of the Unique Games problem. We propose a natural semi-random model, in which a unique game instance is generated in several steps. First an adversary selects a completely satisfiable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-20 Alexandra Kolla , Konstantin Makarychev , Yury Makarychev

We propose a family of lagged random walk sampling methods in simple undirected graphs, where transition to the next state (i.e. node) depends on both the current and previous states -- hence, lagged. The existing random walk sampling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-16 Li-Chun Zhang