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Tensor network methods are taking a central role in modern quantum physics and beyond. They can provide an efficient approximation to certain classes of quantum states, and the associated graphical language makes it easy to describe and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Jacob Biamonte , Ville Bergholm

Tensor network states are used to approximate ground states of local Hamiltonians on a lattice in D spatial dimensions. Different types of tensor network states can be seen to generate different geometries. Matrix product states (MPS) in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-02 G. Evenbly , G. Vidal

We examine the use of string diagrams and the mathematics of category theory in the description of quantum states by tensor networks. This approach lead to a unification of several ideas, as well as several results and methods that have not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jacob D. Biamonte , Stephen R. Clark , Dieter Jaksch

Projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) have become a powerful tool for studying quantum many-body systems in the condensed matter and quantum materials context, particularly with advances in variational energy optimization methods. A key…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-10 Jan Naumann , Erik Lennart Weerda , Jens Eisert , Matteo Rizzi , Philipp Schmoll

Tensor network states form a variational ansatz class widely used, both analytically and numerically, in the study of quantum many-body systems. It is known that if the underlying graph contains a cycle, e.g. as in projected entangled pair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Matthias Christandl , Fulvio Gesmundo , Daniel Stilck Franca , Albert H. Werner

Tensor networks (TNs) have become one of the most essential building blocks for various fields of theoretical physics such as condensed matter theory, statistical mechanics, quantum information, and quantum gravity. This review provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-10 Kouichi Okunishi , Tomotoshi Nishino , Hiroshi Ueda

We introduce Neural Tensor Network States ($\nu$TNS), a variational many-body wave-function ansatz that integrates deep neural networks with tensor-network architectures. In the $\nu$TNS framework, a neural network serves as a disentangler…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-17 Chaohui Fan , Bo Zhan , Yuntian Gu , Tong Liu , Yantao Wu , Mingpu Qin , Dingshun Lv , Tao Xiang

Tensor network states (TNS) are a powerful approach for the study of strongly correlated quantum matter. The curse of dimensionality is addressed by parametrizing the many-body state in terms of a network of partially contracted tensors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Thomas Barthel , Jianfeng Lu , Gero Friesecke

Tensor Networks are non-trivial representations of high-dimensional tensors, originally designed to describe quantum many-body systems. We show that Tensor Networks are ideal vehicles to connect quantum mechanical concepts to machine…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-09 Jack Y. Araz , Michael Spannowsky

We develop coarse-graining tensor renormalization group algorithms to compute physical properties of two-dimensional lattice models on finite periodic lattices. Two different coarse-graining strategies, one based on the tensor…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-07-12 Hui-Hai Zhao , Zhi-Yuan Xie , Tao Xiang , Masatoshi Imada

Tensor network states and methods have erupted in recent years. Originally developed in the context of condensed matter physics and based on renormalization group ideas, tensor networks lived a revival thanks to quantum information theory…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-12 Roman Orus

We introduce a coarse-graining transformation for tensor networks that can be applied to study both the partition function of a classical statistical system and the Euclidean path integral of a quantum many-body system. The scheme is based…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-11-04 Glen Evenbly , Guifre Vidal

This is a short review on selected theory developments on Tensor Network (TN) states for strongly correlated systems. Specifically, we briefly review the effect of symmetries in TN states, fermionic TNs, the calculation of entanglement…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-11-26 Roman Orus

We propose a simple connection between matrix quantum mechanics and tensor networks. This allows us to imbue tensor networks with some interesting additional structure. The geometry of the graph describing the tensor network state is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-25 Alexander Frenkel

In tensor-network analysis of quantum many-body systems, it is of crucial importance to employ a tensor network with a spatial structure suitable for representing the state of interest. In the previous work [Hikihara et al., Phys. Rev.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-19 Toshiya Hikihara , Hiroshi Ueda , Kouichi Okunishi , Kenji Harada , Tomotoshi Nishino

Over the last decade tensor network states (TNS) have emerged as a powerful tool for the study of quantum many body systems. The matrix product states (MPS) are one particular class of TNS and are used for the simulation of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-06-27 Boye Buyens , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete , Karel Van Acoleyen

Hybrid tensor networks offer a promising route to enhance the expressivity of classical tensor network methods by incorporating quantum states prepared on a quantum computer. Existing approaches are limited by the variational optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Julian Schuhmacher , Alberto Baiardi , Francesco Tacchino , Ivano Tavernelli

The fields of entanglement theory and tensor networks have recently emerged as central tools for characterising quantum phases of matter. In this article, we determine the entanglement structure of ground states of gapped symmetric quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Laurens Lootens , Clement Delcamp , Frank Verstraete

Traditional network analysis focuses on single-layer networks, real-world systems often form multilayer networks with multiple relationship types. However, existing methods typically fail to capture complex inter-layer dependencies by…

We introduce a change of perspective on tensor network states that is defined by the computational graph of the contraction of an amplitude. The resulting class of states, which we refer to as tensor network functions, inherit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Wen-Yuan Liu , Si-Jing Du , Ruojing Peng , Johnnie Gray , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan