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We study succinctness as a measure of the expressive power of transformers. Succinctness -- how compactly a formalism can describe a language relative to other formalisms -- is a classical notion in logic and automata theory. We prove that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pascal Bergsträßer , Ryan Cotterell , Anthony W. Lin

A data language is a set of finite words defined on an infinite alphabet. Data languages are used to express properties associated with data values (domain defined over a countably infinite set). In this paper, we introduce set augmented…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ansuman Banerjee , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Shibashis Guha

A condition characterizing the class of regular languages which have several nonisomorphic minimal reversible automata is presented. The condition concerns the structure of the minimum automaton accepting the language under consideration.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Giovanna J. Lavado , Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

Roughly speaking, a system is said to be robust if it can resist disturbances and still function correctly. For instance, if the requirement is that the temperature remains in an allowed range $[l,h]$, then a system that remains in a range…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dana Fisman , Elina Sudit

We consider grammar-restricted exact learning of formulas and terms in finite variable logics. We propose a novel and versatile automata-theoretic technique for solving such problems. We first show results for learning formulas that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

Altenbernd, Thomas and W\"ohrle have considered acceptance of languages of infinite two-dimensional words (infinite pictures) by finite tiling systems, with usual acceptance conditions, such as the B\"uchi and Muller ones [1]. It was proved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-08-04 Olivier Finkel

Finite automata whose computations can be reversed, at any point, by knowing the last k symbols read from the input, for a fixed k, are considered. These devices and their accepted languages are called k-reversible automata and k-reversible…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Giovanna J. Lavado , Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

We prove that a minimal automaton has a minimal adjacency matrix rank and a minimal adjacency matrix nullity using equitable partition (from graph spectra theory) and Nerode partition (from automata theory). This result naturally introduces…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Ryoma Sin'ya

Automatic structures are first-order structures whose universe and relations can be represented as regular languages. It follows from the standard closure properties of regular languages that the first-order theory of an automatic structure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Christoph Haase , Radoslaw Piórkowski

We are motivated by the following question: which data languages admit an active learning algorithm? This question was left open in previous work by the authors, and is particularly challenging for languages recognised by nondeterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Joshua Moerman , Matteo Sammartino

We consider finite two-way automata and measure the use of two-way motion by counting the number of left moves in accepting computations. Restriction of the automata according to this measure allows us to study in detail the use of two-way…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-23 David Damanik

We investigate families of infinite automata for context-sensitive languages. An infinite automaton is an infinite labeled graph with two sets of initial and final vertices. Its language is the set of all words labelling a path from an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Arnaud Carayol , Antoine Meyer

We present a new algebraic characterisation of Eve-positionality for $\omega$-regular languages. It involves only a limited number of elementary local properties to be checked. An $\omega$-regular language is Eve-positional if, in all games…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Thomas Colcombet , Olivier Idir

The nondeterministic quantum finite automaton (NQFA) is the only known case where a one-way quantum finite automaton (QFA) model has been shown to be strictly superior in terms of language recognition power to its probabilistic counterpart.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-29 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz , A. C. Cem Say

Many of the numerous automaton models proposed in the literature can be regarded as a finite automaton equipped with an additional storage mechanism. In this thesis, we focus on two such models, namely the finite automata over groups and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Özlem Salehi

The model of asynchronous programming arises in many contexts, from low-level systems software to high-level web programming. We take a language-theoretic perspective and show general decidability and undecidability results for asynchronous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Rupak Majumdar , Ramanathan S. Thinniyam , Georg Zetzsche

It is known that 2-state binary and 3-state unary probabilistic finite automata and 2-state unary quantum finite automata recognize uncountably many languages with cutpoints. These results have been obtained by associating each recognized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aleksejs Naumovs , Maksims Dimitrijevs , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

We study expression learning problems with syntactic restrictions and introduce the class of finite-aspect checkable languages to characterize symbolic languages that admit decidable learning. The semantics of such languages can be defined…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

By fundamental results of Sch\"utzenberger, McNaughton and Papert from the 1970s, the classes of first-order definable and aperiodic languages coincide. Here, we extend this equivalence to a quantitative setting. For this, weighted automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Manfred Droste , Paul Gastin

We answer two open questions by (Gruber, Holzer, Kutrib, 2009) on the state-complexity of representing sub- or superword closures of context-free grammars (CFGs): (1) We prove a (tight) upper bound of $2^{\mathcal{O}(n)}$ on the size of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-24 Georg Bachmeier , Michael Luttenberger , Maximilian Schlund