Related papers: Chromatic statistics for Catalan and Fu{\ss}-Catal…
We solve a problem of Marshal Hall by proving the convergence of the catalan number generating function directly on the basis of its recursion formula.
For $0\leq k \leq n$, the number $C(n,k)$ represents the number of all lattice paths in the plane from the point $(0,0)$ to the point $(n,k)$, using steps $(1,0)$ and $(0,1)$, that never rise above the main diagonal $y=x$. The Fuss-Catalan…
The main purpose of this note is to provide an elementary discussion of some simple triangles of integer numbers in particular through their connections with representation theory of $sl_2$. The triangles under consideration are the Catalan…
To predict allowable time-step size for the fully discretized nonlinear differential equations, a stability theory is developed using exact determination of an infinite perturbation series. Mathematical induction is used to determine the…
We define two symmetric $q,t$-Catalan polynomials in terms of the area and depth statistic and in terms of the dinv and dinv of depth statistics. We prove symmetry using an involution on plane trees. The same involution proves symmetry of…
Borel's triangle is an array of integers closely related to the classical Catalan numbers. In this paper we study combinatorial statistics counted by Borel's triangle. We present various combinatorial interpretations of Borel's triangle in…
In this article, we use the Touchard identity in order to obtain new integral representations for Catalan numbers. The main idea consists in combining the identity with a known integral representation and resorting to the binomial theorem.…
The origin of the colours of quarks has been explored and the number of colours equal to three has been derived from the fractal properties suggested in the statistical model.The quark gluon coupling constant has been reproduced and the…
We introduce new refinements of the Bell, factorial, and unsigned Stirling numbers of the first and second kind that unite the derangement, involution, associated factorial, associated Bell, incomplete Stirling, restricted factorial,…
Let $n\geq2$ be an integer. In this paper, we study the convexity of the so-called MacMahon's $q$-Catalan polynomials $C_n(q)=\frac1{[n+1]_q}\left[ 2n \atop n \right]_q$ as functions of $q$. Along the way, several intermediate results on…
On an elliptic surface or threefold, Catalan numbers appear when one tries to compute the autoequivalence group action on the Bridgeland stability manifold. We explain why this happens by identifying a class of equations in the Chow ring of…
A new classification scheme for real numbers is given, motivated by ideas from statistical mechanics in general and work of Knauf and of Fiala and Kleban in particular. Critical for this classification of a real number will be the…
We define refined invariants which "count" nodal curves in sufficiently ample linear systems on surfaces, conjecture that their generating function is multiplicative, and conjecture explicit formulas in the case of K3 and abelian surfaces.…
The goal of this paper is to introduce and study noncommutative Catalan numbers $C_n$ which belong to the free Laurent polynomial algebra in $n$ generators. Our noncommutative numbers admit interesting (commutative and noncommutative)…
In this paper we consider combinatorial numbers $C_{m, k}$ for $m\ge 1$ and $k\ge 0$ which unifies the entries of the Catalan triangles $ B_{n, k}$ and $ A_{n, k}$ for appropriate values of parameters $m$ and $k$, i.e., $B_{n,…
We consider three problems from the recent issues of the American Mathematical Monthly involving different versions of Catalan triangle. Our main results offer generalizations of these identities and demonstrate automated proofs with…
We give a geometrically motivated measure of skewness, define a mean value triangle number, and dispersion (in that order) of a fuzzy number without reference or seeking analogy to the namesake but parallel concepts in probability theory.…
The fractional and circular chromatic numbers are the two most studied non-integral refinements of the chromatic number of a graph. Starting from the definition of a coloring base of a graph, which originated in work related to ergodic…
We study the number of factorizations of a positive integer, where the parts of the factorization are of l different colors (or kinds). Recursive or explicit formulas are derived for the case of unordered and ordered, distinct and…
Convolution sums are introduced and special instances of the cyclic convolution on finite sets is examined in more detail. The distributions that emerge are multidimensional generalizations of the Catalan and Narayana numbers. This work…