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Related papers: A New Variation of Hat Guessing Games

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This paper studies Ebert's hat problem with four players and two colors, where the probabilities of the colors may be different for each player. Our goal is to maximize the probability of winning the game and to describe winning strategies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Theo van Uem

A team of players plays the following game. After a strategy session, each player is randomly fitted with a blue or red hat. Then, without further communication, everybody can try to guess simultaneously his or her own hat color by looking…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-05-27 Rani Hod , Marcin Krzywkowski

In a guessing game, players guess the value of a random real number selected using some probability density function. The winner may be determined in various ways; for example, a winner can be a player whose guess is closest in magnitude to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Anthony Mendes , Kent E. Morrison

This paper studies Ebert's hat problem for three and four players and two colors, where the probabilities of the colors may be different for each player. Our goal is to maximize the probability of winning the game and to describe winning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Theo van Uem

We initiate the study of the hat guessing number of a graph where the adversary is only allowed to provide a proper coloring of the graph. This is the largest number $q$ for which there is a guessing strategy on each vertex that only…

We study the hat guessing game on graphs. In this game, a player is placed on each vertex $v$ of a graph $G$ and assigned a colored hat from $h(v)$ possible colors. Each player makes a deterministic guess on their hat color based on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Jeremy Chizewer , I. M. J. McInnis , Mehrdad Sohrabi , Shriya Kaistha

Winning probabilities of The Hat Game (Ebert's Hat Problem) with three players and three colors are only known in the symmetric case: all probabilities of the colors are equal. This paper solves the asymmetric case: probabilities may be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-25 Theo van Uem

We study the hat chromatic number of a graph defined in the following way: there is one player at each vertex of a loopless graph $G$, an adversary places a hat of one of $K$ colors on the head of each player, two players can see each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Bartłomiej Bosek , Andrzej Dudek , Michał Farnik , Jarosław Grytczuk , Przemysław Mazur

In the past three decades, deductive games have become interesting from the algorithmic point of view. Deductive games are two players zero sum games of imperfect information. The first player, called "codemaker", chooses a secret code and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-27 Mourad El Ouali , Volkmar Sauerland

Lionel Levine's hat challenge has $t$ players, each with a (very large, or infinite) stack of hats on their head, each hat independently colored at random black or white. The players are allowed to coordinate before the random colors are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-10 Ehud Friedgut , Gil Kalai , Guy Kindler

Lionel Levine's hat challenge has $t$ players, each with a (very large, or infinite) stack of hats on their head, each hat independently colored at random black or white. The players are allowed to coordinate before the random colors are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Noga Alon , Ehud Friedgut , Gil Kalai , Guy Kindler

We study the Levine hat problem, a cooperative puzzle introduced by Lionel Levine in 2010, in which $n \geq 2$ players must simultaneously identify a black hat on their own infinite stack, each seeing only their teammates' stacks. While the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Clément Bouquet , Salah Chikhi , Timothé Charles , Yanghao Zhou , Eric Wang

In this paper we study the Three Hat Problem which appeared in Puzzle Corner of the Technology Review magazine. This puzzle gives a scenario in which three players wearing hats are sitting together and each hat can be seen by everyone…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-10-16 Brian Benson , Yang Wang

Consider the following hat guessing game. A bear sits on each vertex of a graph $G$, and a demon puts on each bear a hat colored by one of $h$ colors. Each bear sees only the hat colors of his neighbors. Based on this information only, each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Václav Blažej , Pavel Dvořák , Michal Opler

Consider the following probabilistic one-player game: The board is a graph with $n$ vertices, which initially contains no edges. In each step, a new edge is drawn uniformly at random from all non-edges and is presented to the player,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Michael Belfrage , Torsten Mütze , Reto Spöhel

This paper studies asymmetric Ebert's Hat Problem with five players where the probability of the colors may be unequal. We obtain maximal winning probabilities and optimal winning strategies using the concept of adequate sets.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-07 Theo van Uem

Consider the following two-player game on the edges of $K_n$, the complete graph with $n$ vertices: Starting with an empty graph $G$ on the vertex set of $K_n$, in each round the first player chooses $b \in \mathbb{N}$ edges from $K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Rajko Nenadov

We study a combinatorial game derived from a problem in the German National Mathematics Competition. In this game, two players take turns removing numbers from a finite set of natural numbers, aiming to satisfy a certain divisibility…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Tim Rammenstein

We study two-player games with alternating moves played on infinite trees. Our main focus is on the case where the trees are full (regular) and the winning set is open (with respect to the product topology on the tree). Gale and Stewart…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Dean Kraizberg

The $k$-majority game is played with $n$ numbered balls, each coloured with one of two colours. It is given that there are at least $k$ balls of the majority colour, where $k$ is a fixed integer greater than $n/2$. On each turn the player…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-25 John R. Britnell , Mark Wildon