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Related papers: Singularity theorems from weakened energy conditio…

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The weak energy condition is known to fail in general when applied to expectation values of the the energy momentum tensor in flat space quantum field theory. It is shown how the usual counter arguments against its validity are no longer…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 J. I. Latorre , H. Osborn

The stress-energy tensor for the non-minimally coupled scalar field is known not to satisfy the pointwise energy conditions, even on the classical level. We show, however, that local averages of the classical stress-energy tensor satisfy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Lutz W. Osterbrink

Two spatial regions $B$ and $R$ are hyperentangled if the generalized entropy satisfies $S_{\text{gen}}^{B\cup R}<S_{\text{gen}}^R$. If in addition all future (or all past) directed inward null shape deformations of $B$ decrease…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-30 Raphael Bousso , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam

In this paper we discuss singularity theorems in quantum gravity using effective field theory methods. To second order in curvature, this effective field theory contains two new degrees of freedom which have important implications for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-15 Folkert Kuipers , Xavier Calmet

The essential singularity in Einstein's gravity can be avoidable if the preconditions of Penrose's theorem can be bypassed, i.e., if the strong energy condition is broken in the vicinity of a black hole center. The singularity mentioned…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-07 Chen Lan , Hao Yang , Yang Guo , Yan-Gang Miao

The singularity theorems of classical general relativity are briefly reviewed. The extent to which their conclusions might still apply when quantum theory is taken into account is discussed. There are two distinct quantum loopholes: quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. H. Ford

An extension of Penrose's singularity theorem is proved for spacetimes where black holes are allowed to form from non-singular initial data. With standard assumptions about the spacetime, and assuming the existence of a trapped surface…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-26 Alexander Vilenkin , Aron C. Wall

The uniqueness theorems for general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be circumvented by dropping the ubiquitous, yet often implicit, assumption that physical fields, such as the spacetime metric, are fundamental. The novel concept of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-23 Erick I. Duque

For a relativistic particle moving in the presence of mean scalar and vector fields, the energy at second order in the scalar field is shown to contain two contributions in general. One is a momentum-dependent repulsive interaction…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael C. Birse

The classical Penrose inequality, a relation between the ADM mass and the area of any cross section of the black hole event horizon, was introduced as a test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture: if it fails, the trapped surface is not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Eduardo Hafemann , Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

We show that singularities necessarily occur when a boundary of causality violating set exists in a space-time under the physically suitable assumptions except the global causality condition in the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-19 Kengo Maeda , Akihiro Ishibashi

A decade ago, it was shown that a wide class of scalar-tensor theories can pass very restrictive weak field tests of gravity and yet exhibit non-perturbative strong field deviations away from General Relativity. This phenomenon was called…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. W. Whinnett , Diego F. Torres

The study of energy conditions has many significant applications in general relativistic and cosmological contexts. This paper explores the energy conditions in the framework of the most general scalar-tensor theory with field equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-27 M. Sharif , Saira Waheed

This paper is committed to calculations near a type of future singularity driven by phantom energy. At the singularities considered, the scale factor remains finite but its derivative diverges. The general behavior of barotropic phantom…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hector H. Calderon

The standard energy conditions of classical general relativity are (mostly) linear in the stress-energy tensor, and have clear physical interpretations in terms of geodesic focussing, but suffer the significant drawback that they are often…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-30 Prado Martin-Moruno , Matt Visser

Hawking's area theorem is a fundamental result in black hole theory that is universally associated with the null energy condition. That this condition can be weakened is illustrated by the formulation of a strengthened version of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-16 Martin Lesourd

The stress energy tensor for the classical non-minimally coupled scalar field is known not to satisfy the point-wise energy conditions of general relativity. In this paper we show, however, that local averages of the classical stress energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Christopher J. Fewster , Lutz W. Osterbrink

We describe a positive energy theorem for Einstein gravity coupled to scalar fields with first-derivative interactions, so-called P(X,phi) theories. We offer two independent derivations of this result. The first method introduces an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Benjamin Elder , Austin Joyce , Justin Khoury , Andrew J. Tolley

We argue that many future-eternal inflating spacetimes are likely to violate the weak energy condition. It is possible that such spacetimes may not enforce any of the known averaged conditions either. If this is indeed the case, it may open…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Arvind Borde , Alex Vilenkin

The equivalence between f(R) gravity and scalar-tensor theories is invoked to study the null, strong, weak and dominant energy conditions in Brans-Dicke theory. We consider the validity of the energy conditions in Brans-Dicke theory by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-25 K. Atazadeh , A. Khaleghi , H. R. Sepangi , Y. Tavakoli