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Related papers: Fluctuation theorems and atypical trajectories

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As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Considering the fluctuation theorem with respect to the entropy production and an observable, we derive a new thermodynamic uncertainty relation which also…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-02 Gianluca Francica

We analyze the production of entropy along non-equilibrium processes in quantum systems coupled to generic environments. First, we show that the entropy production due to final measurements and the loss of correlations obeys a fluctuation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Gonzalo Manzano , Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan M. R. Parrondo

Thermodynamics constrains changes to the energy of a system, both deliberate and random, via its first and second laws. When the system is not in equilibrium, fluctuation theorems such as the Jarzynski equality further restrict the…

Fluctuation theorems specify the non-zero probability to observe negative entropy production, contrary to a naive expectation from the second law of thermodynamics. For closed particle trajectories in a fluid, Stokes theorem can be used to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-06 Benoît Mahault , Evelyn Tang , Ramin Golestanian

Understanding how systems respond to external perturbations is a fundamental challenge in physics, particularly for non-equilibrium and non-stationary processes. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem provides a complete framework for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-06 Jiming Zheng , Zhiyue Lu

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Tanmoy Biswas , A. de Oliveira Junior , Michał Horodecki , Kamil Korzekwa

The total entropy production of a trajectory can be split into an adiabatic and a non-adiabatic contribution, deriving respectively from the breaking of detailed balance via nonequilibrium boundary conditions or by external driving. We show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Massimiliano Esposito , Christian Van den Broeck

We study the work fluctuations of a particle, confined to a moving harmonic potential, under the influence of friction and external Poissonian shot noise. The asymmetry of the noise induces an effective nonlinearity in the potential, which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Baule , E. G. D. Cohen

Thermal fluctuations are a fundamental feature of dissipative systems that are essential for understanding physics near the expected critical point of QCD and in small systems. When such fluctuations are modeled naively in relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-02 Nicki Mullins , Mauricio Hippert , Jorge Noronha

The fundamental insight into Brownian motion by Einstein is that all substances exhibit continual fluctuations due to thermal agitation balancing with the frictional resistance. However, even at thermal equilibrium, biological activity can…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-19 Soya Shinkai , Yuichi Togashi

For driven open systems in contact with multiple heat reservoirs, we find the marginal distributions of work or heat do not satisfy any fluctuation theorem, but only the joint distribution of work and heat satisfies a family of fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-08 Jin-Fu Chen , H. T. Quan

The fluctuation theorem is a pivotal result of statistical physics. It quantifies the probability of observing fluctuations which are in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, it quantifies the ratio of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-26 M. Belushkin , R. Livi , G. Foffi

A single mechanism, endemic to the standard model of physics, is proposed to explain wavefunction collapse, classical motion, dissipation, equilibration, and the transition from pure quantum mechanics through open system decoherence to the…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 J. H. Brownell

The fluctuation theorem for entropy production is a remarkable symmetry of the distribution of produced entropy that holds universally in non-equilibrium steady states with Markovian dynamics. However, in systems with slow degrees of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-21 Matthias Uhl , Patrick Pietzonka , Udo Seifert

The Trajectory Class Fluctuation Theorem (TCFT) substantially strengthens the Second Law of Thermodynamics -- that, in point of fact, can be a rather weak bound on resource fluxes. Practically, it improves empirical estimates of free…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-30 Gregory Wimsatt , Alexander B. Boyd , James P. Crutchfield

The second law of thermodynamics posits that in closed macroscopic systems the rate of entropy production must be positive. However, small systems can exhibit negative entropy production over short timescales, seemingly in contradiction…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-08-08 Rama Sharma , Tapio P. Simula , Andrew J. Groszek

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-24 Markus Rademacher , Michael Konopik , Maxime Debiossac , David Grass , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

We examine the fluctuation theorems which traditionally have been studied for classical systems and enquire if they can be extended to the quantum domain, especially at low temperatures. The example chosen is that of a problem which has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 G. S. Agarwal , S. Dattagupta

We establish a novel generalization of the fluctuation theorem for partially-masked nonequilibrium dynamics. We introduce a partial entropy production with a subset of all possible transitions, and show that the partial entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-20 Naoto Shiraishi , Takahiro Sagawa