English
Related papers

Related papers: A direct proof of the five element basis theorem

200 papers

Justification theory is an abstract unifying formalism that captures semantics of various non-monotonic logics. One intriguing problem that has received significant attention is the consistency problem: under which conditions are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Simon Marynissen , Bart Bogaerts

We deal with the monadic (second-order) theory of order. We prove all known results in a unified way, show a general way of reduction, prove more results and show the limitation on extending them. We prove (CH) that the monadic theory of…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Saharon Shelah

We consider formal power series $f(z) = \omega z + a_2z^2 + \ldots \ (\omega \neq 0)$, with coefficients in a field of characteristic $0$. These form a group under the operation of composition (= substitution). We prove (Theorem 1) that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Marshall M. Cohen

We introduce a first-order theory of finite full binary trees and then identify decidable and undecidable fragments of this theory. We show that the analogue of Hilbert`s 10th Problem is undecidable by constructing a many-to-one reduction…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Juvenal Murwanashyaka

We show that the existence of a Suslin tree does not necessarily imply that there are uncountable minimal linear orders other than $\omega_1$ and $-\omega_1$, answering a question of J. Baumgartner. This is done by a Jensen-type iteration,…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Dániel T. Soukup

We demonstrate how a generic automated theorem prover can be applied to establish the non-orderability of groups. Our approach incorporates various tools such as positive cones, torsions, generalised torsions and cofinal elements.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Alexei Lisitsa , Zipei Nie , Alexei Vernitski

We provide decidability and undecidability results on the model-checking problem for infinite tree structures. These tree structures are built from sequences of elements of infinite relational structures. More precisely, we deal with the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-15 Alex Spelten , Wolfgang Thomas , Sarah Winter

An attempt to come closer to a resolution of the Collatz conjecture is presented. The central idea is the formation of a tree consisting of positive odd numbers with number 1 as root. Functions for generating the tree from the root are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-20 Kerstin Andersson

The classical matrix tree theorem relates the number of spanning trees of a connected graph with the product of the nonzero eigenvalues of its Laplacian matrix. The class of regular matroids generalizes that of graphical matroids, and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-12 Aaron Dall , Julian Pfeifle

We identify a structural pattern in the construction of known infinite families of trees whose independence polynomials are not log-concave. Using this pattern and properties of polynomial ring ideals, we derive linear recurrences for these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 César Bautista-Ramos , Carlos Guillén-Galván , Paulino Gómez-Salgado

We study connections between linear equations over various semigroups and recursively enumerable sets of positive integers. We give variants of the universal Diophantine representation of recursively enumerable sets of positive integers…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Juha Honkala

Reverse Mathematics (RM for short) is a program in the foundations of mathematics where the aim is to find the minimal axioms needed to prove a given theorem of ordinary mathematics. Generally, the minimal axioms are equivalent to the…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Sam Sanders

This paper shows that over infinite trees, satisfiability is decidable for weak monadic second-order logic extended by the unbounding quantifier U and quantification over infinite paths. The proof is by reduction to emptiness for a certain…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-30 Mikołaj Bojańczyk

We give a descriptive construction of trees for multi-ended graphs, which yields yet another proof of Stallings' theorem on ends of groups. Even though our proof is, in principle, not very different from already existing proofs and it draws…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-22 Anush Tserunyan

In the proof of his famous 5K-theorem, W. Banaszczyk introduced a transformation of convex bodies for which the Gaussian measure is monotone. In this note, we present a simplified proof of this monotonicity by slightly modifying…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Maud Szusterman

We present an alternate proof of the passage from the finiteness principle for metric trees to the construction of the core in the C. Fefferman and Shvartsman finiteness theorem for Lipschitz selection problems.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-01-04 A. Brudnyi

We show that an algorithmic construction of sequences of recursive trees leads to a direct proof of the convergence of random recursive trees in an associated Doob-Martin compactification; it also gives a representation of the limit in…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-01 Rudolf Grübel , Igor Michailow

We look for partition theorems for large subtrees for suitable uncountable trees and colourings. We concentrate on sub-trees of $^{\kappa \ge} 2$ expanded by a well ordering of each level. Unlike earlier works, we do not ask the embedding…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Saharon Shelah

We analyse the complexity of the class of (special) Aronszajn, Suslin and Kurepa trees in the projective hierarchy of the higher Baire-space $\omega_1^{\omega_1}$. First, we will show that none of these classes have the Baire property…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-06-04 Sy-David Friedman , Dániel T. Soukup

These are the lecture notes of an introductory course on ordinal analysis. Our selection of topics is guided by the aim to give a complete and direct proof of a mathematical independence result: Kruskal's theorem for binary trees is…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Anton Freund