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The Matrix-Tree Theorem states that the number of spanning trees of a graph is given by the absolute value of any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. We propose a very short proof of this result which amounts to comparing Taylor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Amitai Netser Zernik

We study the minimal spanning arborescence which is the directed analogue of the minimal spanning tree, with a particular focus on its infinite volume limit and its geometric properties. We prove that in a certain large class of transient…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Gourab Ray , Arnab Sen

We develop an algebraic notion of recognizability for languages of words indexed by countable linear orderings. We prove that this notion is effectively equivalent to definability in monadic second-order (MSO) logic. We also provide three…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Olivier Carton , Thomas Colcombet , Gabriele Puppis

Assume GCH and let $\lambda$ denote an uncountable cardinal. We prove that if $\square_\lambda$ holds, then this may be witnessed by a coherent sequence $< C_\alpha | \alpha < \lambda^+ >$ with the following remarkable guessing property:…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-05-17 Assaf Rinot

This article is studying the roots of the reliability polynomials of linear consecutive-\textit{k}-out-of-\textit{n}:\textit{F} systems. We are able to prove that these roots are unbounded in the complex plane, for any fixed $k\ge2$. In the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Marilena Jianu , Leonard Daus , Vlad-Florin Dragoi , Valeriu Beiu

This article critically reappraises arguments in support of Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers. The following results are reported: i) Cantor's proofs of nondenumerability are refuted by analyzing the logical inconsistencies in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-02-25 J. A. Perez

We generalise various theorems for finding indiscernible trees and arrays to positive logic: based on an existing modelling theorem for s-trees, we prove modelling theorems for str-trees, str$_0$-trees (the reduct of str-trees that forgets…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Mark Kamsma

When a linear order has an order preserving surjection onto each of its suborders we say that it is strongly surjective. We prove that the set of countable strongly surjective linear orders is complete for the class of sets which are the…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Riccardo Camerlo , Raphaël Carroy , Alberto Marcone

We prove that the algebra of observables of a certain gauge model is generated by unbounded elements in the sense of Woronowicz. The generators are constructed from the classical generators of invariant polynomials by means of geometric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-06-12 Gerd Rudolph , Matthias Schmidt

The program Reverse Mathematics in the foundations of mathematics seeks to identify the minimal axioms required to prove theorems of ordinary mathematics. One always assumes the base theory, a logical system embodying computable…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Dag Normann , Sam Sanders

We count the number of countable homogeneous colored linear orderings in $k$ colors. Relatedly, we count the number of countable $C_{n,m}$-homogeneous linear orderings. $C_{n,m}$-homogeneity is a strong homogeneity notion that approximates…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 David Gonzalez

The B-series composition theorem has been an important topic in numerical analysis of ordinary differential equations for the past-half century. Traditional proofs of this theorem rely on labelled trees, whereas recent developments in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-16 John C. Butcher , Taketomo Mitsui , Yuto Miyatake , Shun Sato

Let $T$ be a countable complete first-order theory with a definable, infinite, discrete linear order. We prove that $T$ has continuum-many countable models. The proof is purely first-order, but raises the question of Borel completeness of…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Predrag Tanović

We provide proofs for the fact that certain orders have no descending chains and no antichains.

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Erhard Aichinger , Florian Aichinger

(DRAFT VERSION) In this article we present a proof of the famous Kirchoff's Matrix-Tree theorem, which relates the number of spanning trees in a connected graph with the cofactors (and eigenvalues) of its combinatorial Laplacian matrix.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Saad Quader

A wide Aronszajn tree is a tree of size and height $\omega_1$ with no uncountable branches. We prove that under $MA(\omega_1)$ there is no wide Aronszajn tree which is universal under weak embeddings. This solves an open question of Mekler…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Mirna Džamonja , Saharon Shelah

We investigate infinitary wellfounded systems for linear logic with fixed points, with transfinite branching rules indexed by some closure ordinal $\alpha$ for fixed points. Our main result is that provability in the system for some…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Anupam Das , Tikhon Pshenitsyn

We study several enumeration problems connected to linear trees, a broad class which includes stars, paths, generalized stars, and caterpillars. We provide generating functions for counting the number of linear trees on $n$ vertices,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Tanay Wakhare , Eric Wityk , Charles R. Johnson

We provide a computer-assisted proof of the exact count of classes of central configurations for five bodies for several sets of mass values that are exceptional from the point of view of the finiteness results of Albouy and Kaloshin in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Małgorzata Moczurad , Piotr Zgliczyński

Semi-unification is the combination of first-order unification and first-order matching. The undecidability of semi-unification has been proven by Kfoury, Tiuryn, and Urzyczyn in the 1990s by Turing reduction from Turing machine immortality…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Andrej Dudenhefner