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There is a consensus that human and non-human subjects experience temporal distortions in many stages of their perceptual and decision-making systems. Similarly, intertemporal choice research has shown that decision-makers undervalue future…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-31 Pedro A. Ortega , Naftali Tishby

Irreversible phenomena, such as the production of entropy and heat, arise from fundamental reversible dynamics because the forward dynamics is too complex, in the sense that it becomes impossible to provide the necessary information to keep…

General Physics · Physics 2014-04-30 Karl-Georg Schlesinger

This short paper discusses continually updated causal abstractions as a potential direction of future research. The key idea is to revise the existing level of causal abstraction to a different level of detail that is both consistent with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Matej Zečević , Moritz Willig , Jonas Seng , Florian Peter Busch

The Lindy effect is a statistical tendency for things with longer pasts behind them to have longer futures ahead. It has been experimentally confirmed to apply to some categories, but not others, raising questions about when it is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-21 Toby Ord

We put forward a fundamental relationship between the normalized spectral density of excess current noise and the imaginary part of complex conductivity.

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-12-26 Peter V Pikhitsa

Information plays an important role in our understanding of the physical world. We hence propose an entropic measure of information for any physical theory that admits systems, states and measurements. In the quantum and classical world,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-04 Anthony J. Short , Stephanie Wehner

Communication in a network generally takes place through a sequence of intermediate nodes connected by communication channels. In the standard theory of communication, it is assumed that the communication network is embedded in a classical…

A central question for causal inference is to decide whether a set of correlations fit a given causal structure. In general, this decision problem is computationally infeasible and hence several approaches have emerged that look for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-26 Mirjam Weilenmann , Roger Colbeck

The concept of entropy connects the number of possible configurations with the number of variables in large stochastic systems. Independent or weakly interacting variables render the number of configurations scale exponentially with the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-25 Sámuel G. Balogh , Gergely Palla , Péter Pollner , Dániel Czégel

According to a previous conjecture, spatial and temporal Lyapunov exponents of chaotic extended systems can be obtained from derivatives of a suitable function: the entropy potential. The validity and the consequences of this hypothesis are…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-30 Stefano Lepri , Antonio Politi , Alessandro Torcini

The concept of entropy, firstly introduced in information theory, rapidly became popular in many applied sciences via Shannon's formula to measure the degree of heterogeneity among observations. A rather recent research field aims at…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-20 Linda Altieri , Daniela Cocchi , Giulia Roli

The formulation of quantum mechanics within the framework of entropic dynamics includes several new elements. In this paper we concentrate on one of them: the implications for the theory of time. Entropic time is introduced as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-15 Ariel Caticha

Nonequilibrium steady-state currents, unlike their equilibrium counterparts, continuously dissipate energy into their physical surroundings leading to entropy production and time-reversal symmetry breaking. This letter discusses these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Pankaj Mehta , Natan Andrei

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-08 Ariel Caticha

Learning how to predict future events from patterns of past events is difficult when the set of possible event types is large. Training an unrestricted neural model might overfit to spurious patterns. To exploit domain-specific knowledge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Hongyuan Mei , Guanghui Qin , Minjie Xu , Jason Eisner

Causal and attribution studies are essential for earth scientific discoveries and critical for informing climate, ecology, and water policies. However, the current generation of methods needs to keep pace with the complexity of scientific…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-27 Elizabeth Eldhose , Tejasvi Chauhan , Vikram Chandel , Subimal Ghosh , Auroop R. Ganguly

Some bounds on the entropic informational quantities related to a quantum continual measurement are obtained and the time dependencies of these quantities are studied.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-09 Alberto Barchielli , Giancarlo Lupieri

Over the past two decades, numerous studies have demonstrated how less predictable (i.e., higher surprisal) words take more time to read. In general, these studies have implicitly assumed the reading process is purely responsive: Readers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Tiago Pimentel , Clara Meister , Ethan G. Wilcox , Roger Levy , Ryan Cotterell

We define a measure of redundant information based on projections in the space of probability distributions. Redundant information between random variables is information that is shared between those variables. But in contrast to mutual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-30 Malte Harder , Christoph Salge , Daniel Polani