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Related papers: The transition between BL Lac objects and Flat Spe…

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The $Fermi$ blazar observations show a strong correlation between $\gamma$-ray luminosities and spectral indices. BL Lac objects are less luminous with harder spectra than flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Interestingly FSRQs are evident…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-24 Tushar Mondal , Banibrata Mukhopadhyay

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are a particular class of blazars rich of optical/ultraviolet photons inside the broad line region (BLR), necessarily implying a huge optical depth for $\gamma$ rays above 20 GeV. As a consequence,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-09-16 Giorgio Galanti , Marco Roncadelli , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Giacomo Bonnoli

Almost 10 yr of $\gamma$-ray observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) have revealed extreme $\gamma$-ray outbursts from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), temporarily making these objects the brightest $\gamma$-ray emitters…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-31 Manuel Meyer , Jeffrey D. Scargle , Roger D. Blandford

Extreme synchrotron blazars, characterized by a first peak in their broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at frequencies exceeding $10^{17}$ Hz, often exhibit a second peak beyond 1~TeV. These sources serve as ideal laboratories…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Ji-Shun Lian , Jia-Xuan Li , Ze-Rui Wang , Rui-Qi Huang , Hai-Ming Zhang , Jin Zhang

Using public \fermi LAT and \swift BAT observations, we constructed the first sample of blazars selected at both hard X-rays and gamma-rays. Studying its spectral properties, we find a luminosity dependence of the spectral slopes at both…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-22 R. M. Sambruna , D. Donato , M. Ajello , L. Maraschi , the GSFC BAT Team

Context.Unusually, there are still certain characteristics of the changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that remain undetected.Consequently,the trigger mechanism behind the CL phenomenon observed in partial AGNs remains…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-22 S. S. Ren , R. X. Zhou , Y. G. Zheng , S. J. Kang , Q. Wu

BL Lac objects are the best candidates to study the jet properties since their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are less contaminated by the emission from the accretion disk and external Compton processes. We compile the broadband SEDs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Jin Zhang , En-Wei Liang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Jin-Ming Bai

The parsec-scale radio properties of 232 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), most of which are blazars, detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have been observed contemporaneously by the Very Long…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 J. D. Linford , G. B. Taylor , F. K. Schinzel

A significant fraction ($\sim 30$ %) of the gamma-ray sources listed in the second $\textit{Fermi}$ LAT (2FGL) catalog is still of unknown origin, being not yet associated with counterparts at lower energies. Using the available information…

We use 3 years of data from the Swift/BAT survey to select a complete sample of X-ray blazars above 15 keV. This sample comprises 26 Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) and 12 BL Lac objects detected over a redshift range of 0.03<z<4.0. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-04 M. Ajello , L. Costamante , R. M. Sambruna , N. Gehrels , J. Chiang , A. Rau , A. Escala , J. Greiner , J. Tueller , J. V. Wall , R. F. Mushotzky

We investigate the evolution of a changing-look blazar (CLB) on long timescales and expect to trace the state change of a CLB. Three morphological types, including a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) state, transition state, and BL Lacertae…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-14 S. S. Ren , R. X. Zhou , Y. G. Zheng , S. J. Kang

We discuss the features that mark the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars from the BL Lacertae objects. We propose that FSRQs exceeding L = 10^{46} erg/s are powered by black hole accreting at rates dm/dt = 1 - 10; their power is dominated by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. D'Elia , A. Cavaliere

In this work, the support vector machine (SVM) method is adopted to separate BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the plots of photon spectrum index against the photon flux, $\alpha_{\rm ph} \sim {\rm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-30 Jun-Hui Fan , Ke-Yin Chen , Hu-Bing Xiao , Wen-Xin Yang , Jing-Chao Liang , Guo-Hai Chen , Jiang-He Yang , Yu-Hai Yuan , De-Xiang Wu

Using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer we studied the mid infrared 3.4 $\mu$m (W1-band) and 4.6 $\mu$m (W2-band) flux variability of $\gamma$-ray emitting blazars. Our sample consists of 460 flat spectrum radio quasars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-15 Ayesha Anjum , C. S. Stalin , Suvendu Rakshit , S. B. Gudennavar , Alok Durgapal

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques are increasingly used across astrophysics, enabled by the growing availability of data and improved acquisition methods. These approaches now support tasks from redshift estimation to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-09 E. Oukacha , Y. Becherini

Blazars are conventionally classified into BL Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), commonly associated with radiatively inefficient and efficient accretion onto supermassive black holes, respectively. Increasing evidence,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 Javaid Tantry , Naseer Iqbal

We present a spectral catalog for blazars based on the BeppoSAX archive. The sample includes 44 High-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), 14 Low-energy peaked BL Lacs (LBLs), and 28 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). A total of 168 LECS, MECS,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 D. Donato , R. M. Sambruna , M. Gliozzi

We propose and test a fairly simple idea that could account for the blazar sequence: all jets are launched with similar energy per baryon, independently of their power. For instance, flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), the most powerful…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-13 Jesús M. Rueda-Becerril , Amanda O. Harrison , Dimitrios Giannios

We study the correlation between gamma-ray and radio band radiation for 123 blazars, using the Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) and the RATAN-600 data obtained at the same period of time (within a few months). We found an apparent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 T. Mufakharov , M. Mingaliev , Yu. Sotnikova , Ya. Naiden , A. Erkenov

We study the locations of emission regions through modelling the quasi-simultaneous multi-frequency spectral energy distributions of 21 {\it Fermi} flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the frame of a multi-component one-zone leptonic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Dahai Yan , Houdun Zeng , Li Zhang