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Related papers: The transition between BL Lac objects and Flat Spe…

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The parsec-scale total intensity structures of BL Lac objects share many characteristics with quasars: e.g. well-collimated jets and superluminal motion. However, the jets of BL Lac objects appear to fade much more quickly than those in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Reynolds , T. V. Cawthorne , D. C. Gabuzda

The gamma-ray emission offers a powerful diagnostic tool to probe jets and their surroundings in flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ). In particular, sources emitting at high energies (>10 GeV) give us the strongest constraints. This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 L. Pacciani , F. Tavecchio , I. Donnarumma , A. Stamerra , L. Carrasco , E. Recillas , A. Porras , M. Uemura

The gamma-ray energy spectra of bright blazars of the LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) are investigated using Fermi-LAT data. Spectral properties (hardness, curvature and variability) established using a data set accumulated over 6 months of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 LAT Collaboration

We studied all blazars of known redshift detected by the Fermi satellite during its first three months survey. For the majority of them, pointed Swift observations ensures a good multiwavelength coverage, enabling us to to reliably…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 G. Ghisellini , F. Tavecchio , L. Foschini , G. Ghirlanda , L. Maraschi , A. Celotti

We compile from literature the broadband SEDs of twelve TeV blazars observed simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously with Fermi/LAT and other instruments. Two SEDs are available for each of the objects and the state is identified as a low or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Jin Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , En-Wei Liang

On the kiloparsec scale, extragalactic radio jets show two distinct morphologies related to their power: collimated high-power jets ending in a bright termination shock and low-power jets opening up close to the core and showing a more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-30 P. R. Burd , M. Kadler , K. Mannheim , A. -K. Baczko , J. Ringholz , E. Ros

We use the distributions of spectral indices of a large homogenous sample of Fermi-detected blazars to re-investigate the relationship between flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and subclasses of BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). We compute the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-20 E. U. Iyida , F. C. Odo , A. E. Chukwude , A. A. Ubachukwu

The origin and evolution of spectral curvature in blazar spectral energy distribution (SED) is still unclear. Since the observed SED curvature is related to an intrinsic curvature in emitting electron energy distribution (EED), we study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-29 Muhammad S. Anjum , Liang Chen , Minfeng Gu

Blazars' non-thermal emission shows rapid variability across all wavelengths, so spectral energy distributions (SEDs) built from quasi-simultaneous data are crucial for revealing the jets physical properties. In this work, we construct…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Yi Zhong , Zhujian Wan , Rui Xue , Hubing Xiao , Dingrong Xiong , Ze-Rui Wang

In a previous paper, we proposed a new method to select low-power BL Lacs (LPBLs) based on mid-infrared emission and flux contrast through the Ca II spectral break; that study led to the selection of a complete sample formed by 34 LPBLs…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-17 Claudia M. Raiteri , Alessandro Capetti

I discuss the spectral energy distribution (SED) of all blazars with redshift detected by the {\it Fermi} satellite and listed in the 3LAC catalog. I will update the so called "blazar sequence" from the phenomenological point of view, with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-28 Gabriele Ghisellini

Blazars are active galactic nuclei with their relativistic jets pointing toward the observer, with two major sub-classes, the flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects. We present multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic…

We analyse 77 \textit{Fermi} sources and their potential low-energy counterparts previously proposed in the literature. These sources were classified as active galactic nuclei, mainly blazars, based on optical spectroscopy. The main goals…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-03 Alberto Ulgiati , Paolo Padovani , Paolo Giommi , Simona Paiano , Ciro Pinto

The past 20 years have seen phenomenal progress in our understanding of BL Lac objects. They form part of the blazar class, which are radio-loud AGN whose relativistic jets are aligned along our line of sight. Several critical milestones…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Megan Urry

We propose a sequence (the Blazar main sequence, BMS) that links the two main components of the Blazar class, namely, the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and the BL Lacertae objects, and yields all their distinctive features in a correlated…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 A. Cavaliere , V. D'Elia

The physics-determined broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars have been widely used to study the property during their flaring/outburst states, while the non-flaring state takes up most of their lifetime and the general…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 Hubing Xiao , Haitao Cao , Rui Xue , Zhihao Ouyang , Shaohua Zhang , Junping Chen , Zhijian Luo , Jianghe Yang , Junhui Fan

We analyse a group of radio sources, a subset of the 200 mJy sample, all of which have core-jet radio structures measured with VLBI and have flat spectra stretching from the radio to the millimetre/sub-millimetre band. Thus the objects have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Anton , I. W. A. Browne

With their rapid, violent variability and broad featureless continuum emission, blazars have puzzled astronomers for over two decades. Today blazars represent the only extragalactic objects detected in high-energy gamma-rays. Their spectral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Eric S. Perlman

We present a temporal and spectral analysis of the gamma-ray flux from nine of the brightest flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first eight years of operation, with the aim of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-20 Atreya Acharyya , Paula M. Chadwick , Anthony M. Brown

We present the first measurement of the projected correlation function of 485 gamma-ray selected Blazars, divided in 175 BLLacertae (BL Lacs) and 310 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) detected in the 2-year all-sky survey by Fermi-Large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Viola Allevato , Alexis Finoguenov , Nico Cappelluti