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The standard way of deriving Euler-Lagrange (EL) equations given a point particle action is to vary the trajectory and set the first variation of the action to zero. However, if the action is (i) reparameterisation invariant, and (ii)…

Consider $v$ a Lipschitz unit vector field on $R^n$ and $K$ its Lipschitz constant. We show that the maps $S_s:S_s(X) = X + sv(X)$ are invertible for $0\leq |s|<1/K$ and define nonsingular point transformations. We use these properties to…

We deal with the uniqueness of distributional solutions to the continuity equation with a Sobolev vector field and with the property of being a Lagrangian solution, that means transported by a flow of the associated ordinary differential…

We revisit the notion of parametrization invariance while introducing certain weakened notions of invariance in the calculus of variations. In this work, we employ a straightforward approach in the classical setting and mostly restrict…

In this work we prove the uniqueness of solutions to the nonlocal linear equation $L \varphi - c(x)\varphi = 0$ in $\mathbb{R}$, where $L$ is an elliptic integro-differential operator, in the presence of a positive solution or of an odd…

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero and $\mathcal A$ a $K$-algebra such that all the $K$-subalgebras generated by finitely many elements of $\mathcal A$ are finite dimensional over $K$. A $K$-$\mathcal E$-derivation of $\mathcal A$ is…

Let $A$ be a graded C*-algebra. We characterize Kasparov's K-theory group $\hat{K}_0(A)$ in terms of graded *-homomorphisms by proving a general converse to the functional calculus theorem for self-adjoint regular operators on graded…

In this paper, we investigate the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to a class of elliptic equations ($\mathscr{P}$) involving a general nonlocal integrodifferential operator $\mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K}$, two real parameters, and two…

Let $(A_x)_{x\in\mathbb{R}^d}$ be a locally integrable, centered, weakly stationary random field, i.e. $\mathbb{E}[A_x]=0$, ${\rm Cov}(A_x,A_y)=K(x-y)$, $\forall x,y\in\mathbb{R}^d$, with measurable covariance function…

We prove a single-value version of Reshetnyak's theorem. Namely, if a non-constant map $f \in W^{1,n}_{\text{loc}}(\Omega, \mathbb{R}^n)$ from a domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies the estimate $\lvert Df(x) \rvert^n \leq K…

We develop a calculus of variations for functionals which are defined on a set of non differentiable curves. We first extend the classical differential calculus in a quantum calculus, which allows us to define a complex operator, called the…

A variational structure for the potential AKP system is established using the novel formalism of a Lagrangian multiforms. The structure comprises not only the fully discrete equation on the 3D lattice, but also its semi-discrete variants…

Let $K _{m}$ be an $m$-local field with an $m$-th residue field $K _{0}$, for some integer $m > 0$, and let $K/K _{m}$ be a field extension of transcendence degree trd$(K/K _{m}) \le 1$. This paper shows that if $K _{0}$ is a field of…

It is proved that any function of a Lusin-type class, the class of $ACG_r$-functions, is differentiable almost everywhere in the sense of a derivative defined in the space~$L^r$, $1\le r<\infty$. This leads to obtaining a full descriptive…

Let T be Takagi's continuous but nowhere-differentiable function. Using a representation in terms of Rademacher series due to N. Kono, we give a complete characterization of those points where T has a left-sided, right-sided, or two-sided…

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero and $x$ a free variable. A $K$-$\mathcal E$-derivation of $K[x]$ is a $K$-linear map of the form $\operatorname{I}-\phi$ for some $K$-algebra endomorphism $\phi$ of $K[x]$, where $\operatorname{I}$…

Let $-\im\Lie_\T$ (essentially Lie derivative with respect to $\T$, a smooth nowhere zero real vector field) and $P$ be commuting differential operators, respectively of orders 1 and $m\geq 1$, the latter formally normal, both acting on…

Automorphic distributions for SL(2) arise as boundary values of modular forms and, in a more subtle manner, from Maass forms. In the case of modular forms of weight one or of Maass forms, the automorphic distributions have continuous first…

We introduce a new theory of generalised solutions which applies to fully nonlinear PDE systems of any order and allows for merely measurable maps as solutions. This approach bypasses the standard problems arising by the application of…

We introduce the class of \emph{Log-Noetherian} (LN) functions. These are holomorphic solutions to algebraic differential equations (in several variables) with logarithmic singularities. We prove an upper bound on the number of solutions…