Related papers: On a sumset problem for integers

For various positive integers $k$, the sums of $k$th powers of the first $n$ positive integers, $S_k(n+1)=1^k+2^k+...+n^k$, have got to be some of the most popular sums in all of mathematics. In this note we prove that for each $k\ge 2 $$…

This note is an attempt to attack a conjecture of Fraenkel and Simpson stated in 1998 concerning the number of distinct squares in a finite word. By counting the number of (right-)special factors, we give an upper bound of the number of…

This paper gives an improved sum-product estimate for subsets of a finite field whose order is not prime. It is shown, under certain conditions, that $$\max\{|A+A|,|A\cdot{A}|\}\gg{\frac{|A|^{12/11}}{(\log_2|A|)^{5/11}}}.$$ This new…

We prove congruences, modulo a power of a prime p, for certain finite sums involving central binomial coefficients $\binom{2k}{k}$.

Let $A$ be an infinite set of nonnegative integers. For $h \geq 2$, let $hA$ be the set of all sums of $h$ not necessarily distinct elements of $A$. If every sufficiently large integer in the sumset $hA$ has at least two representations,…

Every odd prime number p can be written in exactly (p + 1)/2 ways as a sum ab + cd with min(a, b) > max(c, d) of two ordered products. This gives a new proof Fermat's Theorem expressing primes of the form 1 + 4N as sums of two squares 1 .

In this paper we deduce some new supercongruences modulo powers of a prime $p>3$. Let $d\in\{0,1,\ldots,(p-1)/2\}$. We show that $$\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}\frac{\binom{2k}k\binom{2k}{k+d}}{8^k}\equiv 0\ (\mbox{mod}\ p)\ \ \ \mbox{if}\ d\equiv…

We know that any prime number of form $4s+1$ can be written as a sum of two perfect square numbers. As a consequence of Goldbach's weak conjecture, any number great than $10$ can be represented as a sum of four primes. We are motivated to…

It is shown that every sufficiently large even integer is a sum of two primes and exactly 13 powers of 2. Under the Generalized Rieman Hypothesis one can replace 13 by 7. Unlike previous work on this problem, the proof avoids numerical…

It is well-known that for any distinct positive integers $k$ and $n$, the numbers $2^{2^k}+1$ and $2^{2^n}+1$ are relatively prime. In this paper we consider the situation when 1 is replaced by some positive integer $d>1$

In this paper we use Dirichlet's theorem in order to elementally prove two theorems. The first says that since a polynomial ax+b generates one prime, it also generates infinites. The second theorem (which is proved in a very simillar way to…

Recently, Kargin et al. (arXiv:2008.00284 [math.NT]) obtained (among many other things) the following formula for the hyper-sums of powers of integers $S_k^{(m)}(n)$ \begin{equation*} S_k^{(m)}(n) = \frac{1}{m!} \sum_{i=0}^{m} (-1)^i…

We estimate the sizes of the sumset A + A and the productset A $\cdot$ A in the special case that A = S (x, y), the set of positive integers n less than or equal to x, free of prime factors exceeding y.

Let $p$ be an odd prime and let $n$ be a positive integer. For any positive integer $\alpha$ and $m\in\{1,2,3\}$, we have \begin{align*}…

Let G be a finite group and let k be a positive integer. We examine the relationship between structural properties of G and the number of elements of G that are not kth powers in G. In particular, we examine a bound on |G| given by Lucido…

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime number, $\{q_n\}$ be a sequence of positive numbers and $x\in\mathbb{R}$. In this note we prove that the inequality $$q_n p_{n+1}^{x}-q_{n+1}p_{n}^{x}<p_{n}^{x}p_{n+1}^{x-1}, $$ holds for infinitely many…

A natural question about Dedekind sums is to find conditions on the integers $a_1, a_2$, and $b$ such that $s(a_1,b) = s(a_2, b)$. We prove that if the former equality holds then $ b \ | \ (a_1a_2-1)(a_1-a_2)$. Surprisingly, to the best of…

In this paper we show that for every positive integer $n$ there exists a prime number in the interval $[n,9(n+3)/8]$. Based on this result, we prove that if $a$ is an integer greater than 1, then for every integer $n>14.4a$ there are at…

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $r\geq 1$. Suppose that $\alpha$ is a $p$-adic integer with $\alpha\equiv2a\pmod p$ for some $1\leq a<(p+r)/(2r+1)$. We confirm a conjecture of Sun and prove that…

Denote by P(K, k) the members of the field K which are sums of kth powers of field elements, by P+(K, k) the set of members of K which are sums of kth powers of totally positive elements of K. We are interested in deciding whether or not…