Related papers: A population-based approach to background discrimi…
Background properties in experimental particle physics are typically estimated using large data sets. However, different events can exhibit different features because of the quantum mechanical nature of the underlying physics processes.…
The rejection of the contamination, or background, from low-energy strong interactions at hadron collider experiments is a topic that has received significant attention in the field of particle physics. This article builds on a…
When the number of events associated with a signal process is estimated in particle physics, it is common practice to extrapolate background distributions from control regions to a predefined signal window. This allows accurate estimation…
Low-energy strong interactions are a major source of background at hadron colliders, and methods of subtracting the associated energy flow are well established in the field. Traditional approaches treat the contamination as diffuse, and…
A method is described, which computes from an observed sample of events upper limits for production rates of particles, or, in case of appearance of a signal, the probability for an upwards fluctuation of the background. For any candidate,…
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the Standard Model backgrounds based on modifying Monte Carlo predictions within their systematic uncertainties. The improved background model is obtained by altering the original predictions…
We present a method to measure dominant Standard Model backgrounds using data containing high rapidity objects in pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. The method is developed for analyses of early LHC data when robustness against…
We generalize and extend the recently proposed method to account for contributions of system size (or volume/participant) fluctuations to the experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions. We find that in the…
Event-by-event fluctuations in the multiplicities of charged particles and photons at SPS energies are discussed. Fluctuations are studied by controlling the centrality of the reaction and rapidity acceptance of the detectors. Results are…
We develop an innovative and unbiased procedure, based on event mixing, to account for unavoidable contributions from volume (or system size) fluctuations to experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions produced in…
We develop methods to deal with non-dynamical contributions to event-by-event fluctuation measurements of net-particle numbers in relativistic nuclear collisions. These contributions arise from impact parameter fluctuations and from the…
Experimentally, jet physics studies face an unavoidable task: distinguishing, at the detector level, the particles produced in the hard partonic scattering from the ones created in unrelated soft processes such as pileup interactions in…
We discuss an event-by-event fluctuation analysis of particle production in heavy ion collisions. We compare different approaches to the evaluation of the event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in quantities defined on groups of particles,…
The analysis of the statistical and dynamical fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions on an event-by-event basis strongly relies on a comparison with specially constructed artificial events where statistical fluctuations and kinematical…
A typical experiment in high energy physics is considered. The result of the experiment is assumed to be a histogram consisting of bins or channels with numbers of corresponding registered events. The expected background and expected signal…
We study stochastic particle systems made up of heterogeneous units. We introduce a general framework suitable to analytically study this kind of systems and apply it to two particular models of interest in economy and epidemiology. We show…
Searches for new astrophysical phenomena often involve several sources of non-random uncertainties which can lead to highly misleading results. Among these, model-uncertainty arising from background mismodelling can dramatically compromise…
The paper addresses general aspects of experimental data analysis, dealing with the separation of ``signal vs. background''. It consists of two parts. Part I is a tutorial on statistical event classification, Bayesian inference, and test…
A mass ejection model in a time-dependent random environment with both temporal and spatial correlations is introduced. When the environment has a finite correlation length, individual particle trajectories are found to diffuse at large…
Data driven modelling is vital to many analyses at collider experiments, however the derived inference of physical properties becomes subject to details of the model fitting procedure. This work brings a principled Bayesian picture, based…