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Currently, our general approach to retrieving molecular structures from ultrafast gas-phase diffraction heavily relies on complex ab initio electronic or vibrational excited state simulations to make conclusive interpretations. Without such…

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a powerful imaging technique with diverse applications, e.g., medical diagnosis, industrial monitoring, and environmental studies. The EIT inverse problem is about inferring the internal conductivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Derick Nganyu Tanyu , Jianfeng Ning , Andreas Hauptmann , Bangti Jin , Peter Maass

In this chapter we provide a thorough overview of the use of energy-based models (EBMs) in the context of inverse imaging problems. EBMs are probability distributions modeled via Gibbs densities $p(x) \propto \exp{-E(x)}$ with an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Andreas Habring , Martin Holler , Thomas Pock , Martin Zach

In this paper, the ability of the Hinode/EIS instrument to detect radiative signatures of coronal heating is investigated. Recent observational studies of AR cores suggest that both the low and high frequency heating mechanisms are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Chloé Guennou , Frédéric Auchère , James A. Klimchuk , Karine Bocchialini , Susanna Parenti

Infrared (IR) thermography provides 2D radiance maps of the IR radiation leaving the surfaces of a scene, based on preliminary calibration. Then, to convert radiance maps into temperature maps, we need to know the emissivity of each element…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Jean-Claude Krapez

In indirect measurements, the measurand is determined by solving an inverse problem which requires a model of the measurement process. Such models are often approximations and introduce systematic errors leading to a bias of the posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-22 Maren Casfor , Philipp Trunschke , Sebastian Heidenreich , Nando Hegemann

We introduce a new multivariate statistical problem that we refer to as the Ensemble Inverse Problem (EIP). The aim of EIP is to invert for an ensemble that is distributed according to the pushforward of a prior under a forward process. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhengyan Huan , Camila Pazos , Martin Klassen , Vincent Croft , Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin , Shuchin Aeron

Inverse heat problems refer to the estimation of material thermophysical properties given observed or known heat diffusion behaviour. Inverse heat problems have wide-ranging uses, but a critical application lies in quantifying how building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ali Waseem , Malcolm Mielle

Inverse design problems are common in engineering and materials science. The forward direction, i.e., computing output quantities from design parameters, typically requires running a numerical simulation, such as a FEM, as an intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jens U. Kreber , Christian Weißenfels , Joerg Stueckler

We present Posterior Temperature Optimized Bayesian Inverse Models (POTOBIM), an unsupervised Bayesian approach to inverse problems in medical imaging using mean-field variational inference with a fully tempered posterior. Bayesian methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-03 Max-Heinrich Laves , Malte Tölle , Alexander Schlaefer , Sandy Engelhardt

Recent research has proven neural networks to be a powerful tool for performing hyperspectral imaging (HSI) target identification. However, many deep learning frameworks deliver a single material class prediction and operate on a per-pixel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Joshua R. Tempelman , Kevin Mitchell , Adam J. Wachtor , Eric B. Flynn

In this work, we develop a differentiable rendering pipeline for visualising plasma emission within tokamaks, and estimating the gradients of the emission and estimating other physical quantities. Unlike prior work, we are able to leverage…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Ekin Öztürk , Rob Akers , Stanislas Pamela , The MAST Team , Pieter Peers , Abhijeet Ghosh

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative tools with applications in computer vision and scientific machine learning (SciML), where they have been used to solve large-scale probabilistic inverse problems. Traditionally, these…

High intensity focused ultrasound is a non-invasive method for treatment of diseased tissue that uses a beam of ultrasound to generate heat within a small volume. A common challenge in application of this technique is that heterogeneity of…

The main contribution of this paper is to develop a hierarchical Bayesian formulation of PINNs for linear inverse problems, which is called BPINN-IP. The proposed methodology extends PINN to account for prior knowledge on the nature of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-05 Ali Mohammad-Djafari

X-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on our ability to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 M. F. Kasim , J. S. Wark , S. M. Vinko

A common approach to assess the performance of fire insulation panels is the component additive method (CAM). The parameters of the CAM are based on the temperature-dependent thermal material properties of the panels. These material…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-08 P. -R. Wagner , R. Fahrni , M. Klippel , A. Frangi , B. Sudret

Diffusion models (DMs) have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional distributions, leading to their widespread adoption for representing complex priors in Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs). However, current DM-based posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Martin Renqiang Min , Lexing Ying , Zachary Izzo

Bayesian approach, as a useful tool for quantifying uncertainties, has been widely used for solving inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). One of the key difficulties for employing Bayesian approach for the issue is how…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Junxiong Jia , Qian Zhao , Zongben Xu , Deyu Meng , Yee Leung

We derive the beam tracing and profile evolution for the propagation of any localised beam with arbitrary profile through an inhomogeneous cold plasma. We recover standard Gaussian beam-tracing, with an additional PDE describing the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Lewin B. S. Marsh , Felix I. Parra , Valerian H. Hall-Chen , Juan Ruiz Ruiz