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High-speed optical imaging of dynamic neuronal activity is essential yet challenging in neuroscience. While calcium imaging has been firmly established as a workhorse technique for monitoring neuronal activity, its limited temporal…

Neural systems can be modeled as networks of functionally connected neural elements. The resulting network can be analyzed using mathematical tools from network science and graph theory to quantify the system's topological organization and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-01 Richard F. Betzel , Katherine C. Wood , Christopher Angeloni , Maria Neimark Geffen , Danielle S. Bassett

The fields of mechanobiology and biomechanics are expanding our understanding of the complex behavior of soft biological tissues across multiple scales. Given the intricate connection between tissue microstructure and its macroscale…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-03 Sara Cardona , Mathias Peirlinck , Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad

Fiber-integrated micro-optical elements promise a scalable approach to photon collection and beam shaping for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate single-step fabrication of micro-spherical, micro-spiral, and micro-axicon…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Raman Kumar , Sebastian Will

Fiber-based confocal endomicroscopy has shown great promise for minimally-invasive deep-tissue imaging. Despite its advantages, confocal fiber-bundle endoscopy inherently suffers from undersampling due to the spacing between fiber cores,…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-25 Gil Weinberg , Uri Weiss , Ori Katz

We report both sub-diffraction-limited quantum metrology and quantum enhanced spatial resolution for the first time in a biological context. Nanoparticles are tracked with quantum correlated light as they diffuse through an extended region…

Label-free imaging of rapidly moving, sub-diffraction sized structures has important applications in both biology and material science, as it removes the limitations associated with fluorescence tagging. However, unlabeled nanoscale…

Microscopy image enhancement plays a pivotal role in understanding the details of biological cells and materials at microscopic scales. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the advancement of microscopy image enhancement,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Debasish Dutta , Neeharika Sonowal , Risheraj Barauh , Deepjyoti Chetia , Sanjib Kr Kalita

Optical fiber technologies enable high-speed communication, medical imaging, and advanced sensing. Among the techniques for the characterization of optical fibers, Xray computed tomography has recently emerged as a versatile non-destructive…

Cell boundary information is crucial for analyzing cell behaviors from time-lapse microscopy videos. Existing supervised cell segmentation tools, such as ImageJ, require tuning various parameters and rely on restrictive assumptions about…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Laura Baracaldo , Blythe King , Haoran Yan , Yizi Lin , Nina Miolane , Mengyang Gu

We have designed, constructed and optimized a novel cell for micro photoacoustic (microPA) spectroscopy (microPAS) as part of a collaboration between the Canadian Light Source and Natural Resources Canada. The cell allows inspection of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-02-22 Kirk Michaelian , Chris Kelley , Tor Pedersen , Mark Frogley , Timothy May , Luca Quaroni , Gianfelice Cinque

Investigation of cell structure is hardly imaginable without bright-field microscopy. Numerous modifications such as depth-wise scanning or videoenhancement make this method being state-of-the-art. This raises a question what maximal…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-29 Kirill Lonhus , Renata Rychtarikova , Ganna Platonova , Dalibor Stys

If we are ever to unravel the mysteries of brain function at its most fundamental level, we will need a precise understanding of how its component neurons connect to each other. Electron Microscopes (EM) can now provide the nanometer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Pascal Fua , Graham Knott

Computational Cannula Microscopy (CCM) is a high-resolution widefield fluorescence imaging approach deep inside tissue, which is minimally invasive. Rather than using conventional lenses, a surgical cannula acts as a lightpipe for both…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Ruipeng Guo , Zhimeng Pan , Andrew Taibi , Jason Shepherd , Rajesh Menon

Increasing demand for understanding the vast heterogeneity of cellular phenotypes has driven the development of imaging flow cytometry (IFC), that combines features of flow cytometry with fluorescence and bright field microscopy. IFC…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-06 Yuanyuan Han , Rui Tang , Yi Gu , Alex Ce Zhang , Wei Cai , Violet Castor , Sung Hwan Cho , William Alaynick , Yu-Hwa Lo

We present Defocusing Microscopy (DM), a bright-field optical microscopy technique able to perform total 3D imaging of transparent objects. By total 3D imaging we mean the determination of the actual shapes of the upper and lower surfaces…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 P. M. S. Roma , L. Siman , F. T. Amaral , U. Agero , O. N. Mesquita

Two-Photon Microscopy has become an invaluable tool for biological and medical research, providing high sensitivity, molecular specificity, inherent three-dimensional sub-cellular resolution and deep tissue penetration. In terms of imaging…

High-numerical-aperture (NA) oblique plane microscopy enables noninvasive fluorescence imaging of subcellular dynamics without requiring radical sample modification. However, performance degrades at depth in multicellular specimens as…

Mesoscale molecular assemblies on the cell surface, such as cilia and filopodia, integrate information, control transport and amplify signals. Synthetic devices mimicking these structures could sensitively monitor these cellular functions…

The glow of a starry night sky, the smell of a freshly brewed cup of coffee or the sound of ocean waves breaking on the beach are representations of the physical world that have been created by the dynamic interactions of thousands of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2011-07-28 Henry Lütcke , Fritjof Helmchen