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We define the angular momentum at null infinity in higher dimensions. The asymptotic symmetry at null infinity becomes the Poincare group in higher dimensions. This fact implies that the angular momentum can be defined without any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Kentaro Tanabe , Tetsuya Shiromizu , Shunichiro Kinoshita

The supertranslation ambiguity of angular momentum at null infinity creates a technical difficulty in choosing the proper definition for this conserved quantity. As a result, many different approaches are found in the literature. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Szymon Bagiński , Jacek Jezierski

LIGO's successful detection of gravitational waves has revitalized the theoretical understanding of the angular momentum carried away by gravitational radiation. An infinite dimensional supertranslation ambiguity has presented an essential…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-08 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

It is a long-standing problem in general relativity that the notion of angular momentum of an isolated system has supertranslation ambiguity. In this paper, we argue that the ambiguity is essentially because of the gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-30 Pujian Mao , Jun-Bao Wu , Xiaoning Wu

We discuss the asymptotic structure of null infinity in five dimensional space-time. Since it is known that the conformal infinity is not useful for odd higher dimensions, we shall employ the coordinate based method like the Bondi…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-18 Kentaro Tanabe , Norihiro Tanahashi , Tetsuya Shiromizu

Angular momentum at null infinity has a supertranslation ambiguity from the lack of a preferred Poincar\'e group and a similar ambiguity when the center-of-mass position changes as linear momentum is radiated. Recently, we noted there is an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-01 Geoffrey Compère , David A. Nichols

In this note, we transform the linear order (at order $G$) metric from a system of pointlike bodies source in the post-Minkowskian expansion to the Bondi coordinates. We show that the Bondi 4-momentum and angular momentum coincide with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-16 Pujian Mao , Baijun Zeng

The supertranslation ambiguity issue of angular momentum is a long-standing problem in general relativity. Recently, there appeared the first definition of angular momentum at null infinity that is supertranslation invariant. However, in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-26 Xiaokai He , Xiaoning Wu , Naqing Xie

We study how conserved quantities such as angular momentum and center of mass evolve with respect to the retarded time at null infinity, which is described in terms of a Bondi-Sachs coordinate system. These evolution formulae complement the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Po-Ning Chen , Jordan Keller , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

Penrose's twistorial approach to the definition of angular momentum at null infinity is developed so that angular momenta at different cuts can be meaningfully compared. This is done by showing that the twistor spaces associated with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Adam D. Helfer

To answer a question of how can one observed angular momentum radiation near null infinity, one can first transform the dynamical twisting vacuum solution and make it satisfy Bondi coordinate conditions in the asymptotical region of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-17 Chih-Hung Wang , Yu-Huei Wu

The supertranslation invariance of the Chen-Wang-Yau (CWY) angular momentum in the Bondi-Sachs formalism/gauge was ascertained by the authors in \cite{CKWWY_evol, CWWY_atmp}. In this article, we study the corresponding problem in the double…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-08 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

Here, we present a new definition of {intrinsic angular momentum} at future null infinity, based on the charge-integral approach. This definition is suitable for the general case of radiating spacetimes without symmetries, which does not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 Emanuel Gallo , Osvaldo M. Moreschi

We study the difficulties associated with the evaluation of the total Bondi momentum at finite distances around the central source of a general (asymptotically flat) spacetime. Since the total momentum is only rigorously defined at future…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emanuel Gallo , Luis Lehner , Osvaldo Moreschi

Two puzzles continue to plague our understanding of angular momentum balance in the context of gravitational two-body scattering. First, because the standard definition of the Bondi angular momentum $J$ is subject to a supertranslation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-06 Massimiliano Maria Riva , Filippo Vernizzi , Leong Khim Wong

In this work we give a complete picture of how to in a direct simple way define the mass at null infinity in harmonic coordinates in three different ways that we show satisfy the Bondi mass loss law. The first and second way involve only…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Lili He , Hans Lindblad

Generalized definitions for angular and linear momentum are given and shown to reduce to the ADM (at spatial infinity) definitions and the definitions at null infinity in the appropriate limit. These definitions are used to express angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Anthony Rizzi

In general relativity, an idealized distant observer is situated at future null infinity where light rays emitted from the source approach. This article concerns conserved quantities such as mass, energy-momentum, angular momentum, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-11 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

A higher (even spacetime) dimensional generalization of the Bondi energy has recently been proposed by gr-qc/0304054 within the framework of conformal infinity and Hamiltonian formalizm. The gauge condition employed in gr-qc/0304054 to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Akihiro Ishibashi

We prove that the Bondi mass of an asymptotically flat, vacuum, spacetime cannot become negative in any even dimension $d \ge 4$. The notion of Bondi mass is more subtle in $d > 4$ dimensions because radiating metrics have a slower decay…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Stefan Hollands , Alexander Thorne
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