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The study of the combinatorial game Nim and its variants is rich and varied, but little is known of the game Nim with a Pass. It is Nim, but once per game a player is permitted to skip their turn but this can only be done if a nonempty pile…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Emet Hirsch

In this short survey article, we present an elementary, yet quite powerful, method of enumerating independent sets in graphs. This method was first employed more than three decades ago by Kleitman and Winston and has subsequently been used…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Wojciech Samotij

In this article, we study directed graphs (digraphs) with a coloring constraint due to Von Neumann and related to Nim-type games. This is equivalent to the notion of kernels of digraphs, which appears in numerous fields of research such as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-06 Cyril Banderier , Jean-Marie Le Bars , Vlady Ravelomanana

We introduce a new two-player game on graphs, in which players alternate choosing vertices until the set of chosen vertices forms a dominating set. The last player to choose a vertex is the winner. The game fits into the scheme of several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Sean Fiscus , Glenn Hurlbert , Eric Myzelev , Travis Pence

Graph grammars form an interesting area of research because of their versatility in modelling diverse situations with graphs as the structures which are to be manipulated. A new class of graph grammars, nc-eNCE Graph Grammars has been…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Jayakrishna Vijayakumar , Lisa Mathew

In 1975, P. Erd\H{o}s proposed the problem of determining the maximum number $f(n)$ of edges in a graph with $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. The sequence $(c_1,c_2,\cdots,c_n)$ is the cycle length distribution…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Chunhui Lai

The game of Nim, which has been well known for many years, has numerous variations. One such variation is Circular Nim, where piles of stones are arranged on a circumference, and players take stones from consecutive adjacent piles in one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-13 Hiromi Oginuma , Masato Shinoda

A Riemann-Roch theorem on graph was initiated by M. Baker and S. Norine. In their article [2], a Riemann-Roch theorem on a finite graph with uniform vertex-weight and uniform edge-weight was established and it was suggested a Riemann-Roch…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Atsushi Atsuji , Hiroshi Kaneko

We introduce the notion of invariant vectors of a game and develop the Invariance Reduction Process, which first uses reduction of positions via invariance and then zero and merge reductions of games to arrive at smaller, solved sub-games…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Balaji R. Kadam , Matthieu Dufour , Silvia Heubach

We study the applicability of quantum algorithms in computational game theory and generalize some results related to Subtraction games, which are sometimes referred to as one-heap Nim games. In quantum game theory, a subset of Subtraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-15 Dmitry Kravchenko , Kamil Khadiev , Danil Serov , Ruslan Kapralov

In a recent arXiv-manuscript Fox studies infinite subtraction games with a finite (ternary) and aperiodic Sprague-Grundy function. Here we provide an elementary example of a game with the given properties, namely the game given by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-26 Urban Larsson

Given $n$ piles of tokens and a positive integer $k \leq n$, the game Nim$^1_{n, =k}$ of exact slow $k$-Nim is played as follows. Two players move alternately. In each move, a player chooses exactly $k$ non-empty piles and removes one token…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Nikolay Chikin , Vladimir Gurvich , Konstantin Knop , Mike Paterson , Michael Vyalyi

The game of nim, with its simple rules, its elegant solution and its historical importance is the quintessence of a combinatorial game, which is why it led to so many generalizations and modifications. We present a modification with a new…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Eric Duchêne , Matthieu Dufour , Silvia Heubach , Urban Larsson

We propose the following model of a random graph on n vertices. Let F be a distribution in R_+^{n(n-1)/2} with a coordinate for every pair i$ with 1 \le i,j \le n. Then G_{F,p} is the distribution on graphs with n vertices obtained by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-09 Alan Frieze , Santosh Vempala , Juan Vera

We play a variation of Nim on stacks of tokens. Take your favorite increasing sequence of positive integers and color the tokens according to the following rule. Each token on a level that corresponds to a number in the sequence is colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-26 Michael Fisher , Urban Larsson

We prove a theorem computing the number of solutions to a system of equations which is generic subject to the sparsity conditions embodied in a graph. We apply this theorem to games obeying graphical models and to extensive-form games. We…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruchira S. Datta

In 1975, P. Erd\"{o}s proposed the problem of determining the maximum number $f(n)$ of edges in a graph of $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. In this paper, it is proved that $$f(n)\geq n+32t-1$$ for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Chunhui Lai

We consider the problem of finding edges of a hidden weighted graph using a certain type of queries. Let $G$ be a weighted graph with $n$ vertices. In the most general setting, the $n$ vertices are known and no other information about $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-19 Jeong Han Kim

In this paper, we study finite-agent linear-quadratic games on graphs. Specifically, we propose a comprehensive framework that extends the existing literature by incorporating heterogeneous and interpretable player interactions. Compared to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Ruimeng Hu , Jihao Long , Haosheng Zhou

We study the generalization of the game Lights Out in which the standard square grid board is replaced by a graph. We examine the probability that, when a graph is chosen uniformly at random from the set of graphs with $n$ vertices and $e$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Bradley Forrest , Riya Goyal