Related papers: Stochastic Flips on Two-letter Words
This article studies the expected occupancy probabilities on an alphabet. Unlike the standard situation, where observations are assumed to be independent and identically distributed (iid), we assume that they follow a regime switching…
We study the permutation complexity of finite-state stationary stochastic processes based on a duality between values and orderings between values. First, we establish a duality between the set of all words of a fixed length and the set of…
Inspired by the Stochastic processes described by the Feller Coupling and Chinese Restaurant Processes, we create four different bijections from words in the set $[1]\times [2] \times\cdot \times[n]$ to $S_n$. We then compose these maps…
The dependence with text length of the statistical properties of word occurrences has long been considered a severe limitation quantitative linguistics. We propose a simple scaling form for the distribution of absolute word frequencies…
We study the local limit distribution of the number of occurrences of a symbol in words of length $n$ generated at random in a regular language according to a rational stochastic model. We present an analysis of the main local limits when…
Word embeddings are computed by a class of techniques within natural language processing (NLP), that create continuous vector representations of words in a language from a large text corpus. The stochastic nature of the training process of…
The paper is concerned with the equilibrium distribution $\Pi_n$ of the $n$-th element in a sequence of continuous-time density dependent Markov processes on the integers. Under a $(2+\a)$-th moment condition on the jump distributions, we…
We explore two notions of stationary processes. The first is called a random-step Markov process in which the stationary process of states, $(X_i)_{i \in \mathbb{Z}}$ has a stationary coupling with an independent process on the positive…
Consider a continuous time Markov chain with rates Q in the state space \Lambda\cup\{0\} with 0 as an absorbing state. In the associated Fleming-Viot process N particles evolve independently in \Lambda with rates Q until one of them…
In [GM] Guibert and Mansour studied involutions on n letters avoiding (or containing exactly once) 132 and avoiding (or containing exactly once) an arbitrary pattern on k letters. They also established a bijection between 132-avoiding…
We consider words as a network of interacting letters, and approximate the probability distribution of states taken on by this network. Despite the intuition that the rules of English spelling are highly combinatorial (and arbitrary), we…
We exhibit a recurrence on the number of discrete line segments joining two integer points in the plane using an encoding of such segments as balanced words of given length and height over the two-letter alphabet $\{0,1\}$. We give…
For positive $q\neq1$, the $q$-exchangeability of an infinite random word is introduced as quasi-invariance under permutations of letters, with a special cocycle which accounts for inversions in the word. This framework allows us to extend…
Recently, Babson and Steingrimsson (see [BS]) introduced generalized permutations patterns that allow the requirement that two adjacent letters in a pattern must be adjacent in the permutation. We study generating functions for the number…
We consider the almost semi-continuous processes defined on a finite Markov chain. The representation of the moment generating functions for the absolute maximum after achievement positive level and for the recovery time are obtained.…
This article analyzes and compares two general techniques of rare event simulation for generating paths of Markov processes over fixed time horizons: exponential tilting and stochastic bridge. These two methods allow to accurately compute…
In this work we explore the ability of the Google search engine to find results for random N-letter strings. These random strings, dense over the set of possible N-letter words, address the existence of typos, acronyms, and other words…
We describe a procedure based on the iteration of an initial function by an appropriated operator, acting on continuous functions, in order to get a fixed point. This fixed point will be a calibrated subaction for the doubling map on the…
We consider an infinite-dimensional stochastic clustering model on $\mathbb{R}$. In discrete time, each point of a unit-intensity simple point process moves halfway toward either of its left or right neighbors, chosen uniformly at random.…
A pattern $\alpha$ is a string of variables and terminal letters. We say that $\alpha$ matches a word $w$, consisting only of terminal letters, if $w$ can be obtained by replacing the variables of $\alpha$ by terminal words. The matching…